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Recap

Recap. Chapter 4 and Chapter 7. Chapter 4. What Does Product & Service Design Do?. Translate customer wants and needs into product and service requirements Refine existing products and services Develop new products and services Formulate quality goals Formulate cost targets

garth-burris
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Recap

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  1. Recap Chapter 4 and Chapter 7

  2. Chapter 4

  3. What Does Product & Service Design Do? • Translate customer wants and needs into product and service requirements • Refine existing products and services • Develop new products and services • Formulate quality goals • Formulate cost targets • Construct and test prototypes • Document specifications • Translate product and service specifications into process specifications

  4. Idea Generation • Supply chain-based • Competitor-based • Reverse engineering: Dismantling and inspecting a competitor’s product to discover product improvements • Research-based • Basic research • Applied research • Development

  5. Design Considerations • Legal Factors (Mandatory) • Product liability: The responsibility a manufacturer has for any injuries or damages caused by as faulty product • Ethics • Human Factors • Cultural Factors • Environmental Factors: sustainability • 3R: reduce, reuse, recycle • Life Stage • Standardization • Mass Customerization • Delayed differentiation and Modular design

  6. Quality Function Deployment/The House of Quality • An approach that integrates the “voice of the customer” into both product and service development • The purpose is to ensure that customer requirements are factored into every aspect of the process • Kano Model • Basic quality • Performance quality • Excitement quality

  7. Concurrent engineering Computer-Assisted Design (CAD) Production requirements Design For Manufacturing (DFM) Design For Assembly (DFA) Component commonality Designing (products) for Production

  8. Reliability • Reliability is expressed as a probability: • (Single Component Reliability) The probability that a part, or a single component works. • The probability that the product or system will function when activated • The probability that the product or system will function for a given length of time

  9. What is this system’s reliability? .85+(1-.85)*(.8+(1-.8)*.75) .75 .80 .70 .95+(1-.95)*.8 1-((1-.75)*(1-.8)*(1-.85)) .9+(1-.9)*.7 .80 .95 .99 .9925 .97 .90 .99*.9925*.97 .9531 .85

  10. Exponential Distribution

  11. Exponential Distribution – Formula

  12. Availability • The fraction of time a piece of equipment is expected to be available for operation

  13. Chapter 7

  14. Quality of Work Life • Important aspects of quality of work life: • Working conditions • Physical • Psychological • Compensation • Time-based systems • Output-based systems • Incentive programs • Knowledge-based systems • Job Design

  15. Behavioral Approaches to Job Design • Job Enlargement • Giving a worker a larger portion of the total task by horizontal loading • Job Enrichment • Increasing responsibility for planning and coordination tasks, by vertical loading • Job Rotation • Workers periodically exchange jobs

  16. Observed Time

  17. Normal Time Assumes that performance ratings are made on an element-by-element basis

  18. Standard Time

  19. Suppose a worker can do k cycles per day. ST

  20. Example (from Problem Solving) • Aheworker’s time averaged 1.9 minutes per cycle, and the worker was given a rating of 120 percent. Assuming an allowance factor of 12 percent of workday, determine the standard time for this job. • Solution: ST = NT*AF=(1.9*120%)*(1/(1-12%))=2.59

  21. Recall from chapter 1

  22. Supply and Demand Sales & Marketing Operations & Supply Chains Wasteful Costly Supply Demand > Opportunity Loss Customer Dissatisfaction Supply Demand < Ideal Supply Demand =

  23. 4 Sources of Process Variation • Variety of goods or services being offered • The greater the variety of goods and services offered, the greater the variation in production or service requirements. • Structural variation in demand • These are generally predictable (seasonal variation or seasonality, e.g., swimwear, warm clothes, Christmas, tourist seasons, school supplies). • They are important for capacity planning • Random variation • Natural variation that is present in all processes (e.g., random demand etc.). Generally, it cannot be influenced by managers. • Assignable variation • Variation that has identifiable sources. (e.g., defective inputs, incorrect work methods, equipment etc.) • This type of variation can be reduced, or eliminated, by analysis and corrective action.

  24. Case Study • Apple Readies a Big Bet on Big-Screen Phones • What design considerations have Apple put into their new product? • Legal/ethical • Human factors • Cultural factors • Environmental factors • Standardization/Customerization • How big is the bet? • Quantity of the new products.

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