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Invented Words

Invented Words. I. Related Information. I.Related Information. Old English(500-1000 A.D) Middle English(1000-1500 A.D). Modern English: the Early Modern Period (1500-1700 A.D) and the Later Modern Period(1700 A.D.---). 1.1 History of English. 1.2 Word Formation.

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Invented Words

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  1. Invented Words

  2. I. Related Information I.Related Information

  3. Old English(500-1000 A.D) Middle English(1000-1500 A.D) Modern English: the Early Modern Period (1500-1700 A.D) and the Later Modern Period(1700 A.D.---). 1.1 History of English

  4. 1.2 Word Formation • 1.2.1Derivation/ Affixation Prefix and Suffix prefix + root word+ suffix e.g. antireestablishmentarism

  5. 1.2 Word Formation • 1.2.2 Compounding/composition word + word: lookers-on, women doctor

  6. 1.2 Word Formation • 1.2.3 Conversion It is also called functional shift. E.g. Don’t brother me. Let’s foot it/bus it/train it/plane it. Do I need you to boss me? 今天你校内了吗？ 他呵护我，保护我，宝贝我。

  7. 1.2 Word Formation • 1.2.4 Abbreviation and Acronym • Abbreviation: UN, TV, VIP, p.s., • Acronym: radar: radio detection and ranging; sonar: sound navigation and ranging; sodar: sound detection and ranging(声音探测器）

  8. 1.2 Word Formation • 1.2.5 blending Parts of some words are taken out to form a new word: smoke + fog=smog motor + hotel=motel boat + hotel=botel binary + digit =bit education + entertainment=edutainment

  9. 2.1 How to get the main idea of a paragraph 2.2 How to get the main idea of a passage II. Reading Skills

  10. 2.1 The main idea of a paragraph • Step 1 To recognize the most general word e.g. Choose the most general word.A) orange A) chemist B) fruit B) physicist C) apple C) scientist D) pear D) biologist

  11. 2.1The main idea of a paragraph • Step 2 To recognize the most inclusive sentence e.g. Choose the most general sentence. A) The hotel offers complimentary coffee from 7 to 10 a.m. daily. B) There are many reasons why guests feel at home at the Glorietta Bay Inn. C) The coin-operated laundry room has an ironing board. D) There are a number of extra services at the Glorietta Bay Inn including baby-sitting.

  12. 2.1 The main idea of a paragraph • A: Practice of the skill English is clearly an international language. It is spoken by pilots and airport control operators on all the airways of the world. Over 70 percent of the world's radio programs are in English.

  13. 2.1The main idea of a paragraph • B: Practice of the skill Some students prefer a strict teacher who tells them exactly what to do. Others prefer to be left to work on their own. Still others like a democratic discussion type of class. No one teaching method can be devised to satisfy all students at the same time.

  14. 2.1 The main idea of a paragraph • C: Practice of the skill For adults a cold is not that serious. However, this is not the case for children. Cold symptoms in children may be signs of more serious diseases and should be given prompt medical attention.

  15. 2.1 The main idea of a paragraph • D: Practice of the skill • Read the first paragraph, and eighth paragraph in the text to find the main idea

  16. 2.2 How to get the main idea of a passage • Step 1 Read the title • Step 2 Think over the tittle • Step 3 Read the first paragraph • Step 4 Scan the text quickly • Step 5 Read the last paragraph

  17. 2.2 How to get the main idea of a passage • Step 1 Read the title of the text: Questions: 1) What does the title mean? It means that words are made up or coined by man, and not born in nature. 2) Can you guess what the author tells us in the text? Most probably the author tells us how the words are created or invented by human beings.

  18. 2.2 How to get the main idea of a passage • Step 2 Read the first paragraph • Step 3 Read the last paragraph • Step 4 Generalize the main idea of the text

  19. 2.2 How to get the main idea of a passage • The main idea of the text is___. • A. that English ancestors invented the main part of the English language in four different ways • B. that invented words are generally made up in three different ways. • C. that borrowed words and other kinds of words make up about one fifth of the English language • D. how various kinds of English words are invented.

  20. III. Structure of the textAsk ss to finish reading the text in 11 minutes

  21. The main idea of each part: • Part One: para.1 tells us the general idea of the whole passage. • Part Two: para.2 to Para.10. It tells the three kinds of words: name words, imitative words, invented words. • Part Three: para.11-12 tells us the purpose of this writing, that is ,to encourage the reader to learn words according to the world formation

  22. III. Structure of the text

  23. Main idea of each section in Part II • Section I: para.2 tells words from the names of people and places; • Section II Para.3 tells us imitative words; • Section III para.4-para.10 tells various invented words (compounds, derivatives, nonsense words).

  24. IV. Discussion Questions 1.What are the main methods for us to invent words? Compounding refers to one word made up of two other words; Affixation refers to one word made up of root word and affix. Affix can be divided into two kinds, that is prefix and suffix. Nonsense words: it has two kinds. The first is the words unable to be traced back to the ancestor language; the second kind is blending, that is the mixture of different parts of two words: smog, chortle, motel, botel, edutatainment,

  25. IV. Discussion Questions 2. Why do people use gobbledygook? When people talk or write using long, fancy words that really mean nothing, we call it gobbledygook. Unfortunately, many people use gobbledygook because they want to seem more important than they are, or because they don’t really want people to understand what they mean or what they are doing. e.g. BO, SOB, OIC, SYY, 本草纲目(dumb and annoying).

  26. IV. Discussion Questions • 3. What’s Humpty Dumpty’s opinion about the meaning of a word? Do you agree? Why or why not? • Dumpty insists words can mean whatever he wants them to mean. Alice insists that this is impossible. If everyone did that no one would understand anyone else. • Meaning is culturally-oriented, that is, socially accepted, not randomly used. But we can create special meaning of a word in the special context. • 3. What’s Humpty Dumpty’s opinion about the meaning of a word? Do you agree? Why or why not? • Dumpty insists words can mean whatever he wants them to mean. Alice insists that this is impossible. If everyone did that no one would understand anyone else. • Meaning is culturally-oriented, that is, socially accepted, not randomly used. But we can create special meaning of a word in the special context.

  27. IV. Discussion Questions • e.g. The English words swim in my head. I am unwilling to be the third wheel for you. Just as the Chinese words奔驰250 means stupid，not the brand name of the car,贝多芬 means back-baring lady, not Van Beethoven, 特困生 means super-sleepy students，not students with financial troubles.

  28. IV. Discussion Questions • 4.How can we be a master of language? Can you name some master of English language? A master of language knows what words really mean, and where they come from; knows when to use big, important ones and when to use the shorter, equally important simple ones. Churchill was a great British prime minister. He was also a great writer, truly a master of language. He said once, “Short words are best, and old words when they are short, are best of all.”

  29. IV. Discussion Questions • e.g. 1) My dear parent has joined the heavenly choir. 吾父升天矣。 My dear father has passed away. 我亲爱的父亲已经过世了。 My father has died. 父亲死了。 My old man has just kicked the bucket. 我家那个老头子翘辫子了。 2) 他们害怕竞争对手变得强大起来。 A: They are afraid of the emergence of their rivals. B: They fear the emergence of their rivals.

  30. IV. Discussion Questions • 3) 事实雄辩地证明了有志者事竟成。 A： The facts eloquently show that where there is a will, there is a way. B: The facts eloquently demonstrate that where there is a will, there is a way. • 4) 早在1805年， 他们就解决了这个问题。 A: Back in 1805, they solved the problem. B: As early as in 1805, they solved the problem.

  31. VI Important points in the text • 1. Borrowed words Anglo-Saxon French Latin kingly royal regal time age epoch belly stomach abdomen ask question interrogate fast firm secure holy sacred consecrated brotherly fraternal

  32. V. Important points in the text • Borrowed words from Chinese Wushu (martial arts), kowtow, qipao, jiaozi, Chinese chaofan, wok, tea, silk, majong, tofu, mantou (steamed bread), Fengshu, Shangrila, paper tiger, tycoon, typhoon. • Chinese words from English: PK, N. WTO, etc.

  33. V. Important points in the text • 2. Words from the names of peoples and places: • Inventor: ampere, volt, walt, pasteurize • Literary character: AhQ, shylock, Don Juan, quixotic, franenstein. Place: meet one’s waterloo, shanghai, tsintao, do/stage a Dunkirk, etc.

  34. V. Difficult points in the text • 3. Imitative words: onomatopoeic words • Sounds of animals: buzz, hum, grunt, bark, neigh, hiss, quack, etc. • Sounds of action: click, crash, bang, • Sounds of man: giggle, gurgle, chuckle, snore, snort, etc. • Sounds of nature: rumble, gurgle, whistle, rattle, etc.

  35. V. Important points in the text • 4. New words continue to come into the language at such a rate that no dictionary could possibly keep up with them. • 5. As well as putting two whole words together, we also add parts of words called prefixes and suffixes to whole words. • 6. Remember, the prefix comes first, the root word second, and the suffix last.

  36. V. Important points in the text • 7. Linguists guess that these are nonsense words because they have not been able to trace them back to any of the ancestor language.

  37. VI. Newspaper and Headlines • 1) The language features of newspaper headlines: In the present tense; omitting unnecessary words

  38. VI. Newspaper and Headlines 2. Two types of headlines • 1.  Sentence headlines Police Rescue 12 Divers as Launch Sinks off Phi Phi Pen Manufacturers still See Good Future for Luxury Pens  • 2.  Phrase headlines Getting in touch with the spirits Heroism and Cowardice at the “Top of the World” Reward for Tracing Suspect

  39. VI. Newspaper and Headlines • 3. The grammar of sentence headlines • Almost all sentence headlines use the present tense—despite the fact that they generally describe past events. The present tense gives the subject a sense of freshness and immediacy, making it more interesting to read.

  40. VI. Newspaper and Headlines • Headlines pack a great deal of information into a limited space, so it is not surprising that headline writers use several methods to conserve space. One obvious example is to use abbreviations (“PM” for “Prime Minister”, etc.)..But they also use a special grammar, omitting articles (“a” and “the”) and the verb “to be” wherever possible

  41. VI. Newspaper and Headlines • E.G. Cooperation Agreement Signed (A cooperation agreement is signed) Australian Ex-judge Sworn in to Represent UK Queen (An Australian ex-judge is sworn in to represent the United Kingdom queen)

  42. Ⅶ Homework • Find the examples for the mentioned type of words in the text. • Finish the exercises following the text. • Home reading: History of English

  43. VIII. The end • Thank you all. • See you later

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