從職能治療歷史看職能治療的定義

1. 從職能治療歷史看職能治療的定義 健照所二年級 TA8951092 周映君

2. 職能治療(Occupational Therapy) • Occupation? An activity or task with which one occupies oneself http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/occupation

3. WFOT Occupational therapy is a profession concerned with promoting health and well being through occupation. The primary goal of occupational therapy is to enable people to participate in the activities of everyday life. Occupational therapists achieve this outcome by enabling people to do things that will enhance their ability to participate or by modifying the environment to better support participation. http://www.wfot.org/information.asp?id=2

4. AOTA Occupational therapy is skilled treatment that helps individuals achieve independence in all facets of their lives. Occupational therapy assists people in developing the “skills for the job of living” necessary for independent and satisfying lives. http://www.aota.org/Consumers/WhatisOT.aspx

5. 台灣職能治療學會 職能治療的目的在協助個案能夠選擇、安排與執行日常的職能活動，進而提昇其生活品質。職能治療的對象包括因生理、心理及社會功能障礙、發展遲緩、學習障礙、老化或社會文化環境不利等因素而導致執行個人的活動或參與社會的能力受限者。職能治療專業人員應用職能科學與理論及活動分析，來瞭解影響個案職能表現的原因；針對個案的生理、心理及社會功能予以訓練、提昇，同時並運用環境改造、副木及輔助用具、工作簡化、以及工作強化等方法，來幫助個案能夠執行有意義的日常活動，以維持其身心功能，並預防功能之退化，讓每個人都能夠過著有品質的生活。 http://www.ot-roc.org.tw/otstd/ot_difinition.htm

6. A Look Back in History • 18世紀末到19世紀初: Moral treatment movement William Tuke http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/418882_6 Phillippe Pinel

7. A Look Back in History • 20世紀初期: Civil War • Moral treatment almost extinct • New modes of communication, transportation, and machines change the pace of everyday life • Tool and machine using hands

8. A Look Back in History • 1910: Susan Tracy wrote the first book about occupation (Studies in invalid occupations: A manual for nurse and attendants) • 1917: National Society for the Promotion of Occupational Therapy (AOTA)

9. A Look Back in History

10. Dunton’s Principles of OT • Any activity should have a cure as its objective. • The activity should be interesting. • There should be a useful purpose other than to merely gain the patient’s attention and interest. • The activity should preferably lead to an increase in knowledge on the patient’s part. • Activity should be carried on with others, such as a group. • The occupational therapist should make a careful study of the patient and attempt to meet as many needs as possible through activity. • Activity should cease before the onset of fatigue. • Genuine encouragement should be given whenever indicated. • Work is much to be preferred over idleness, even when the end product of the patient’s labor is of poor quality or is useless.

11. Adolph Meyer • Holistic perspective • The keynote he delivered in the fifth annual meeting established the philosophical base of OT

12. Adolph Meyer • “There are many…rhythms which we must be attuned to : the larger rhythms of night and day, of sleep and waking hours… and finally the big four - work and play and rest and sleep, which our organism must be able to balance even under difficulty. The only way to attain balance in all this is actual doing, actual practice, a program of wholesome living as the basis of wholesome feeling and thinking and fancy and interests”.

13. A Look Back in History • World War I • Reconstruction aides • Rehabilitation • Physical disabilities (Depression slows development)

14. A Look Back in History • World War II • Created new demand for more OT practitioners. • 正式被視為主要復健服務並納入軍方編制。

15. A Look Back in History • Post World War II • New drug and technology (Deinstitution plan) (Community mental health programs) • Effect of legislation • 1960:Specialization

16. 台灣職能治療史 • 民國34年（省立錫口療養院）、民國38年（仁濟療養院）：護士或技術員 • 民國43年陸軍831醫院：職業治療科 • 民國44年台大精神科：護士指導手工藝和娛樂 • 民國45年台大醫院成立作業治療部 • 民國56年振興復健中心及台大醫院開始小兒麻痺、中風及脊髓損傷之職能治療

17. 台灣職能治療史 • 民國57年馬偕、榮總：作業治療 • 職能治療人才培育：台大（民59）、中山（民77）、高醫（民78）、成大（民79）、長庚（民82）、義守、（民92）、輔仁（民93） • 民國62年推動立法，民國86年通過立法 • 民國75年加入WFOT

18. OT的定義？ • 台灣職能治療學會 • WFOT • AOTA • 目前我自己對OT的定義

19. Thank you for your listening!!