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Hydrogen Fueling Station: St. Louis

Hydrogen Fueling Station: St. Louis . Kyle Terry Tibben Zerby Tory Carlsen Zack Tomechko. A Hydrogen City . The objective was to take a city and make convert it from a petroleum run city to a 100% hydrogen and natural gas fueled city.

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Hydrogen Fueling Station: St. Louis

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  1. Hydrogen Fueling Station: St. Louis Kyle Terry TibbenZerby Tory Carlsen Zack Tomechko

  2. A Hydrogen City • The objective was to take a city and make convert it from a petroleum run city to a 100% hydrogen and natural gas fueled city. • Fueling stations that fit the needs for the population of the city was the main objective. • The Stations had certain specifications: • Both 700 BAR and 350 BAR pump • HCNG Fuel available at the station as well • Had to have a hydrogen supply and storage method • Safety, Environmental Impact and Economic Availability also had to be considered.

  3. Station Location: St. Louis • St. Louis Population~360,000 • Major U.S. City but not too large. • Located on the Mississippi River. • Great source of hydroelectric power to offset the cost to run the fueling stations

  4. Station Location: St. Louis • Has an existing hydrogen producing plant and dispensing station. • Easy to access hydrogen needed to fuel the stations. • ~80% of commuters drive their own vehicles to work • Larger need for 350 BAR • Average commute time is 25.4 minutes

  5. Commuting Population • 11% age 65 or older • 22.3% under 18 appx 19.8% under 16 • Take these amounts out of population, and assume drivers over 65 will offset with those who do not commute • Commuting Population = 250,000 by our estimate

  6. Hydrogen Vehicles • Personal vehicles • Average 60 miles/kg • Average range of 300 miles • ~5 kg each week per car based on the average commute time • Fill up once every week on average • HOVs • Fill up once per day, with an estimated amount to keep the pumps at max capacity

  7. Fueling Stations Plan • Estimated number of stations in the city • 22 stations • ~ 1station every 3 square miles • Price per station ~$18,523,742 • Total cost ~ $408 Million • Each station will have • 10 fuel pumps at 350 BAR • 2 fuel pumps at 700 BAR • All the amenities most gas stations have • Restrooms • Snacks and drinks • ATM

  8. Fueling Stations • Supply and delivery method • Pipeline from the production plant located near the Mississippi River • Trucks will also help offset the need in isolated booms and times of high demand.

  9. Fueling Station • Hydrogen produced through electrolysis, so the water cycle will not be upset • Storage method • The pipeline will lead right to the pressurized storage tank underneath the gas station • Trucks will pump the hydrogen into the same tanks beneath the station.

  10. Energy Production • We calculated that we need 23,227 kwh per day per pump through the guide placed on angel • We have 264 pumps • Total energy equals 6,131,862 kwh per day • How will we harvest this energy?

  11. Hydroelectric Dams • Upper St. Anthony’s Dam • Near the headwaters of the Mississippi in Minnesota • The model for our dam Photos: Upper- www.johnweeks.com Lower- earthsci.org

  12. Hydropower Dam • Construct a dam just northof St. Louis. • The dam will be 50 feet high and at this point in the river, the river flows at 55,000 cubic ft/s and our dam’s efficiency is 80% • 21,560kw per hour, 517,440kwh per day, and 188,860,000 kwh per year. • With our dam we will be able to support 23 pumps, 8.4% of them

  13. Pros and Cons of Hydropower • Pros • Energy Efficient • Low maintenance • Low cost after built • Durable, long lasting • Clean energy • Dam can store rain water for droughts • Cons • Steep first cost • Hazard, could cause flooding • Changes environment • Blocks sediment deposits • Can break and cause catastrophic disaster • Johnstown PA 1889

  14. Wind • We still have 5,614,000 kwh per day to harvest for 241 remaining pumps. • We will attempt to harvest the remaining through wind • Traditional turbines take up space • Fields near city not even close to enough area • farmers are often unwilling to sell land anyway • 640 acres per square mile • 40-50 acres per 2 Mw turbine according to Angel resources

  15. Vertical Axis Wind Turbines • Take up less space than a traditional turbine • Can be placed on top of a home • Our plan: give a certain number of homes in the city a wind turbine, promising to pay for a portion • Each turbine creates 1454 kwh per day • We calculated a total of 586 wind turbines would be reasonable • Cost is roughly $10 million • Government rebates reduce cost to $5 million

  16. Vertical Axis Wind Turbine • They will generate a total of 852,000 kwh per day • 310,996,000 kwh per year • This equals 14% of our energy need, or 37 pumps • We now have 22.4% of our needed energy by renewable sources

  17. Flow Diagram

  18. Considerations • Safety • Fire Hazard • Very hard to detect with the naked eye because it burns in the ultraviolet range. • Explosion Hazard • The hydrogen is stored at high pressures. • Over pressurizing tanks can cause them to burst • Projectile hazards • Combustion hazard • Inhalation hazard • Leads to Asphyxiation

  19. Considerations • Environmental Footprint • Hydrogen vehicles have zero harmful emissions • They emit only water vapor • The energy needed for electrolysis would be offset by the hydroelectric power from the dam on the Mississippi.

  20. Considerations • Flooding • Dams cause flooding, and flooding is already very common in the Mississippi valley

  21. Cost • Population 360,000, • Driving population 250,000 • 22 Stations • Roughly 1 station every 3 square miles • 10 350bar pumps • 2 700bar pumps • No production at stations • Price per station $18,523,742 • Total Cost $408 million

  22. Breakdown

  23. Prototype

  24. Prototype

  25. St. Louis: A hydrogen city • With today’s technology there is no way to support the cost of the production and distribution of the hydrogen sustainably • It can be done, but using the prevalent outdated power sources of today • One positive is that It does eliminate all emissions from vehicles • Immediate implementation may not be possible, but perhaps over a large period of time a city could be fully converted

  26. What We Learned • To make a system efficient and run properly every finite detail must be considered and analyzed. • A hydrogen city is possible, but not in a 100% renewable manner. • As engineers, we need to continue to work on improving technology and efficiency to reach our final goal: sustainability

  27. Sources • www.stlrcga.org/x1832.xml • http://new.wvic.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=8&Itemid=45 • Helixwind.com • www.fueleconomy.gov/feg/fuelcell.shtml • US Census Bureau

  28. Sources • http://rnahydropower.com/Calculation%20Of%20Hydro%20Power.pdf • www.metric-conversions.org/area/square-miles-to-acres.htm • Air Products • We also were allowed the use of several resources on Penn State’s Angel

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