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INTRO TO WESTERN EUROPE

INTRO TO WESTERN EUROPE. Continent of Peninsulas. 4 MAJOR LANDFORMS. NORTHWEST HIGHLANDS-low mtns & hills SCOTTISH HIGHLANDS KJOLEN MTNS. “OLD”, ERODED MTNS; GLACIERS Fjords: narrow inlets of the sea between high rocky cliffs Caused by glaciers Many lakes created. 2 nd landform.

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INTRO TO WESTERN EUROPE

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  1. INTRO TO WESTERN EUROPE Continent of Peninsulas

  2. 4 MAJOR LANDFORMS • NORTHWEST HIGHLANDS-low mtns & hills • SCOTTISH HIGHLANDS KJOLEN MTNS. • “OLD”, ERODED MTNS; GLACIERS • Fjords: narrow inlets of the sea between high rocky cliffs • Caused by glaciers • Many lakes created

  3. 2nd landform Northern European Plain Runs from France to the Urals Many rivers and major cities Most important farming and industrial area Most densely populated Created by glaciers

  4. 3rd main landform region • Central Uplands • Hills, plateaus, low mountains • Coal and manufacturing areas • Jura Mtns—France/Switzerland • Massif Central-France

  5. 4TH MAJOR LANDFORM • Alpine System-volcanic mtns. • Appennines—Italy • Carpathians • Pyrenees—France/Spain border • Still active volcanoes/earthquakes • Italy, Greece, Iceland

  6. CLIMATEOF EUROPE • 3 MAJOR INFLUENCES • 1-ATLANTIC OCEAN—North Atlantic Drift • Affect? • 2-MOUNTAINS—ALPS SEPARATE HUMID CONTINENTAL FROM MEDITERRANEAN • Affect? • 3-SOUTHERN COASTAL AREAS

  7. 3 MAIN CLIMATE TYPES • 1-Marine West Coast • Where? • Pattern? 2-Humic Continental Where? Pattern?

  8. Climate Types • 3-Mediterranean • Where? • Pattern? • Why?

  9. VEGETATION • 4 MAIN BIOMES • 1-TEMPERATE FOREST • 2-MEDITERRANEAN SCRUB FOREST • 3-BOREAL-- • 4-TUNDRA—FAR NORTH • PROBLEMS:

  10. WATER FEATURES • 4 KEY FACTS • 1-IRREGULAR COASTLINES—HARBORS • Most important—North Sea—trade/fishing/oil • Baltic Sea-freezes in winter • 2-NAVIGABLE RIVERS + CANALS • Rhine—most important • Starts in Alps-----to North Sea • Danube—2nd most important • Starts in S. Germany-----Black Sea • 3-HEAVILY POLLUTED/OVERUSED FOR TRADE • 4-Bosporus Strait—water border between Europe & Asia

  11. RESOURCES • 1-FORESTS—MOST ARE GONE EXCEPT FINLAND & SWEDEN • PROBLEMS— • SOLUTIONS: • 2-SOIL—OVERUSED; BUT HIGH TECH FARMS ARE VERY PRODUCTIVE • Loess— • Alluvial Soil- • Northern European Plain • ½ of land used for farming • Types of crops--

  12. Resources Continued • 3-FISHING • North Sea and North Atlantic • 4-ENERGY & MINERALS • A-coal— • Germany, Britain & Poland • B-Oil & Natural Gas • North Sea

  13. ENERGY & MINERALS 1-COAL • Germany, Britain & Poland • 2-OIL & NATURAL GAS • North Sea • Britain & Norway 3-HYDROELECTRICITY Where? 4-OTHER ITEMS Sweden—iron ore (Kiruna) Italy--marble

  14. MICROSTATES • UNIQUE TO EUROPE • TINY NATIONS USUALLY SURROUNDED BY ANOTHER NATION • EXAMPLES: MONACO, VATICAN CITY, ANDORRA ETC. • *POSTAGE STAMPS & TOURISM

  15. HISTORY OF EUROPE • WAR & CONQUEST • GREEK EMPIRE 900 TO 300 B.C. • 1ST IDEAS OF GOVERNMENT • ART/BUILDINGS • LARGE ARMIES TO EXPAND

  16. HISTORY CONTINUED • ROMAN EMPIRE 200 B.C. TO 500 A.D. • ITALY, ISRAEL, NORTH AFRICA • ART/ BUILDINGS • LARGE NAVY/ARMY • GODS/GODDESSES

  17. HISTORY-3 • MIDDLE AGES 500-1500 A.D. • LITTLE KINGDOMS • WAR, FAMINE, DISEASE • “BLACK PLAGUE” • 1500 A.D. ITALY MOST IMPORTANT EUROPEAN NATION • 2 KEY CITIES—VENICE & GENOA • EXPLORE & COLONIZE

  18. START OF IMPERIALISM • WHY TAKE OVER OTHER NATIONS? • LATE 1500’S FRANCE, SPAIN, PORTUGAL & ENGLAND • 1600’S-FRANCE CONTROL WESTERN & CENTRAL EUROPE • 1700-BRITAIN DEFEATS FRANCE & SPAIN IN WAR • BECOMES LARGEST POWER • INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION • NEED RESOURCES, LABOR & MARKETS

  19. IMPERIALISM PART 2 • 1871-GERMANY BECOMES A LARGE POWER IN EUROPE • ALLIANCE SYSTEM • SECRET AGREEMENTS TO HELP EACH OTHER IN CASE OF AN ATTACK • BALANCE OF POWER

  20. WORLD WAR I-1914-1918 • GERMANY & AUSTRO-HUNGARIAN EMPIRE VS. BRITAIN/FRANCE/RUSSIA • REASONS FOR FIGHTING: • Assassination of Archduke Ferdinand of A-H empire by a Serb (Russian ally) • Alliances force nations to help out • Increased military means all conflict leads to war • Winners—Britain/France/ US • Losers-Germany/A-H empire (fell apart)

  21. After WWI • Unstable governments • Take land away from Germany • Economic problems—no work, no trade, no food • War debt of $30 bil • Money is worthless • GREAT DEPRESSION • Rise of dictators—Hitler, Mussolini because of nationalism

  22. WORLD WAR 2 1939-45 • Germany invades Poland • Germany takes land back in Czech, Austria etc. • Axis Powers—Germany, Italy & Japan • Allied Powers-US, France, Britan, USSR • Holocaust

  23. WEST Democratic Richer Rebuilt by US/Britain EAST Communist Controlled by USSR poorer After WW2—1945+DIVISION OF GERMANY

  24. ARMS RACE SPACE RACE NATO North Atlantic Treaty Organization Military agreement Stop spread of communism MARSHALL PLAN Economic agreements Rebuild Western Europe WARSAW PACT Military agreement Spread communism USSR/Eastern European nations COMECON Economic agreement to rebuild Eastern Europe COLD WAR 1945-89

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