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Enlightenment & Immigration

This chapter explores the reasons for increased immigration to Colonial America, including political turmoil in England and the desire for religious freedom. It also examines the impact of immigrants on the Enlightenment ideas that shaped the colonies' views on limited government and self-rule.

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Enlightenment & Immigration

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  1. Enlightenment & Immigration Chapter 2

  2. Reasons for Increased Immigration • Mostly England in the 1600’s • Increasing population • Increasing poverty • Desire for religious freedom • Political turmoil - Eng. Civil War, Cromwell, Glorious Revolution • 1700’s, fewer British immigrants • 1700’s - increased Scots/Scot-Irish & German immigrants

  3. Unwilling Immigrants • Not enough indentured labor to meet demand • By 1700’s, Africans “officially slaves” • Product of triangular trade (1.5 million to West Indies, 250,000 to Thirteen Colonies) • Horrors of Middle Passage • Came from diverse backgrounds/cultures • Higher numbers in south due to geography, not morality • Increasing cultural diffusion • Runaways & rebellion (both overt and subversive)

  4. The Enlightenment • Immigrants brought ideas with them • John Locke - Two Treatises on Gov’t • Natural rights • Right to revolt • Montesquieu • Separation of powers (exec., leg., jud.) • Checks and balances • Rousseau • Man is born good but is corrupted by government and society

  5. Ideas of Limited Government • Magna Carta • Habeas corpus • English Bill of Rights • Glorious Revolution

  6. Self-Rule in America • Settlers felt that they had the same right as English citizens • Church structure (Protestant) promoted a more democratic style • Emphasis on common law

  7. Salutary Neglect • History of small rebellions against individual governors • Many colonies allowed to keep original charters or negotiate new ones • Increasing problems in NY, rebellion in 1691, unrest off and on for next 50 years • Salutary neglect • England faced internal problems • Colonies allowed local self-gov’t • England expected cooperation & military support

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