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Earthquake Vocabulary Notecards

Earthquake Vocabulary Notecards. Weathering. Process of breaking down the Earth’s material by natural processes of water, wind, ice, and chemicals into smaller pieces or sediments Destructive Process. Erosion.

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Earthquake Vocabulary Notecards

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  1. Earthquake VocabularyNotecards

  2. Weathering • Process of breaking down the Earth’s material by natural processes of water, wind, ice, and chemicals into smaller pieces or sediments • Destructive Process

  3. Erosion • Weathered or broken down rock and other material are moved by natural processes, such as water or wind, from place to place • Destructive Movement

  4. Deposition • Process where sediments are settled or laid down in a new location • Constructive Process

  5. Constructive Force • Force that builds up features on the Earth’s surface or on an existing landform

  6. Destructive Force • Forces that destroy features on the Earth’s surface

  7. Focus • Point of origin underground where the rocks break producing vibrations and creating an earthquake Earth’s Surface DRAW  Fault Line

  8. Epicenter • Point above ground on the surface directly above the focus Earth’s Surface DRAW  Fault Line

  9. Compression • Force that squeezes rock or an object until it folds or breaks

  10. Tension • Force that occurs to stretch an object or rock

  11. Shear • Force that pushes a mass of rock or an object in opposite directions

  12. Fault Line Types • Normal Fault – blocks of crust are pulled away and one block falls down • Occurs at Divergent Boundary with Tension Force • Reverse Fault – blocks of crust are pushed together and one block slides up • Occurs at Convergent Boundary with Compression Force • Strike-Slip Fault – blocks of crust slide past each other with no up or down motion • Occurs at Transform Boundary with Shear Force

  13. Normal Fault Pictures**Do NOT Copy** blocks of crust are pulled away and one block falls down

  14. Reverse Fault Pictures**Do NOT Copy** blocks of crust are pushed together and one block slides up

  15. Strike-Slip Fault Pictures**Do NOT Copy** blocks of crust slide past each other with no up or down motion

  16. Types of Seismic Waves • P-Wave (Primary) – first wave from the focus • Push-pull wave that can travel through solids & liquids • Fastest wave • S-Wave (Secondary) – slow wave from the focus • Vibrates crust side to side & up or down • Travels only through solids • Surface Wave – slowest wave from the epicenter • Come from P- & S-Waves that reach the surface • Produce most damage • Stronger near the epicenter

  17. Richter Scale • Measures strength of seismic waves on a seismograph • Scale of 1-10 • 10 is the strongest • Each number is 10 times stronger than the number before

  18. Richter Scale**Do NOT Copy**

  19. When You’re Finished • BBC Plate Tectonics Test Bite **Headphones** • Fault Motion Simulations • Constructive Forces • Destructive Forces • Earthquake Interactive • Forces of Nature **Takes a Few Minutes to Load** • Beat the Quake **Headphones** • Shake, Rattle, & Slide**Headphones**

  20. Volcanoes VocabularyNotecards

  21. Magma • Molten rock found beneath the Earth’s surface

  22. Lava • Molten rock found on the Earth’s surface

  23. Tephra • Pyroclastic material of any size rock fragments, ash, and/or dust

  24. Viscosity • Measures the thickness of molten material • High viscosity = thick • Low viscosity = more fluid

  25. Volcano Activity Levels • Active – has erupted in recent time & can erupt again at any time • Look for Seismic Activity • Example: Mt. St. Helens • Dormant – no eruption in recent time, but has a record of past eruptions • Example: Mt. Rainier in Washington • Extinct – not known to have erupted in modern history or to ever erupt again • Example: Crater Lake

  26. Types of Volcanoes • Cinder Cone – small base with steep sides • Made of Cinders • Explosive eruption • Shield – large, wide base with gentle sloping sides • Calm lava flows • Composite-Strato – tall, large, mountain-like volcano with snow cap • Alternating eruptions of lava & tephra • Explosive eruption

  27. Types of Lava • AA – hot, thin, fast flowing • Hardens with a rough, jagged edge • Pahoehoe – thicker, slow moving lava • Hardens with smooth, ropy appearance • Pillow – forms when lava erupts & cools suddenly underwater

  28. Types of Volcanic Eruptions • Determined by amount of water vapor & gases and chemical composition of magma • Explosive eruption – thick magma, high pressure/gas & water content • Example: Mt. St. Helens • Quiet eruption – fluid magma, low gas pressure & water content • Example: Hawaiian Islands Mt. Kilauea

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