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Exercise 7: Overview of the Skeleton

Exercise 7: Overview of the Skeleton. Bio 111 Deborah L. Huber. Lab Exam 2. ALL FILL IN! ALL identifying structures in photos or bones Spelling counts . Terms to know:. Periosteum Diaphysis Epiphysis Spongy bone Compact bone Medullary cavity Endosteum Lamellae

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Exercise 7: Overview of the Skeleton

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  1. Exercise 7: Overview of the Skeleton Bio 111 Deborah L. Huber

  2. Lab Exam 2 ALL FILL IN! ALL identifying structures in photos or bones Spelling counts

  3. Terms to know: • Periosteum • Diaphysis • Epiphysis • Spongy bone • Compact bone • Medullary cavity • Endosteum • Lamellae • Osteocyte in lacuna • Canaliculi • Central canal (Haversian canal)

  4. The functions of the skeletal system • Provides body an internal framework • Protects many of the body’s soft organs • Store lipids and many minerals • Provide a site for blood cell formation in their red marrow cavities

  5. The functions of the skeletal system • Provides body an internal framework • Protects many of the body’s soft organs • Store lipids and many minerals • Provide a site for blood cell formation in their red marrow cavities

  6. The functions of the skeletal system • Provides body an internal framework • Protects many of the body’s soft organs • Store lipids and many minerals • Provide a site for blood cell formation in their red marrow cavities

  7. The functions of the skeletal system • Provides body an internal framework • Protects many of the body’s soft organs • Store lipids and many minerals • Provide a site for blood cell formation in their red marrow cavities

  8. The functions of the skeletal system • Provides body an internal framework • Protects many of the body’s soft organs • Store lipids and many minerals • Provide a site for blood cell formation in their red marrow cavities

  9. The two subdivisions of the skeleton: axial skeleton appendicular skeleton

  10. The two subdivisions of the skeleton: axial skeleton appendicular skeleton

  11. The two subdivisions of the skeleton: axial skeleton appendicular skeleton

  12. Bone Markings • Bulges, depressions, and holes serve as • Sites of attachment for muscles, ligaments, and tendons • Joint surfaces • Conduits for blood vessels and nerves

  13. Bone Markings • Bulges, depressions, and holes serve as • Sites of attachment for muscles, ligaments, and tendons • Joint surfaces • Conduits for blood vessels and nerves

  14. Bone Markings • Bulges, depressions, and holes serve as • Sites of attachment for muscles, ligaments, and tendons • Joint surfaces • Conduits for blood vessels and nerves

  15. Bone Markings • Bulges, depressions, and holes serve as • Sites of attachment for muscles, ligaments, and tendons • Joint surfaces • Conduits for blood vessels and nerves

  16. Bone Markings: Projections • Sites of muscle and ligament attachment (Table 6.1) • Tuberosity—rounded projection • Crest—narrow, prominent ridge • Trochanter—large, blunt, irregular surface • Line—narrow ridge of bone • Tubercle—small rounded projection • Epicondyle—raised area above a condyle • Spine—sharp, slender projection • Process—any bony prominence

  17. Bone Markings: Projections • Sites of muscle and ligament attachment (Table 6.1) • Tuberosity—rounded projection • Crest—narrow, prominent ridge • Trochanter—large, blunt, irregular surface • Line—narrow ridge of bone • Tubercle—small rounded projection • Epicondyle—raised area above a condyle • Spine—sharp, slender projection • Process—any bony prominence

  18. Bone Markings: Projections • Sites of muscle and ligament attachment (Table 6.1) • Tuberosity—rounded projection • Crest—narrow, prominent ridge • Trochanter—large, blunt, irregular surface • Line—narrow ridge of bone • Tubercle—small rounded projection • Epicondyle—raised area above a condyle • Spine—sharp, slender projection • Process—any bony prominence

  19. Bone Markings: Projections • Sites of muscle and ligament attachment (Table 6.1) • Tuberosity—rounded projection • Crest—narrow, prominent ridge • Trochanter—large, blunt, irregular surface • Line—narrow ridge of bone • Tubercle—small rounded projection • Epicondyle—raised area above a condyle • Spine—sharp, slender projection • Process—any bony prominence

  20. Bone Markings: Projections • Sites of muscle and ligament attachment (Table 6.1) • Tuberosity—rounded projection • Crest—narrow, prominent ridge • Trochanter—large, blunt, irregular surface • Line—narrow ridge of bone • Tubercle—small rounded projection • Epicondyle—raised area above a condyle • Spine—sharp, slender projection • Process—any bony prominence

  21. Bone Markings: Projections • Projections that help to form joints (Table 6.1) • Head • Bony expansion carried on a narrow neck • Facet • Smooth, nearly flat articular surface • Condyle • Rounded articular projection • Ramus • Armlike bar

  22. Bone Markings: Projections • Projections that help to form joints (Table 6.1) • Head • Bony expansion carried on a narrow neck • Facet • Smooth, nearly flat articular surface • Condyle • Rounded articular projection • Ramus • Armlike bar

  23. Bone Markings: Projections • Projections that help to form joints (Table 6.1) • Head • Bony expansion carried on a narrow neck • Facet • Smooth, nearly flat articular surface • Condyle • Rounded articular projection • Ramus • Armlike bar

  24. Bone Textures • Compact bone • Dense outer layer • Spongy (cancellous) bone • Honeycomb of trabeculae

  25. Bone Textures • Compact bone • Dense outer layer • Spongy (cancellous) bone • Honeycomb of trabeculae

  26. Bone Textures • Compact bone • Dense outer layer • Spongy (cancellous) bone • Honeycomb of trabeculae

  27. Spongy bone (diploë) Compact bone Trabeculae Figure 6.5

  28. The structure of a long bone

  29. Structure of a Long Bone • Diaphysis (shaft) • Compact bone collar surrounds medullary (marrow) cavity • Medullary cavity in adults contains fat (yellow marrow)

  30. Structure of a Long Bone • Diaphysis (shaft) • Compact bone collar surrounds medullary (marrow) cavity • Medullary cavity in adults contains fat (yellow marrow)

  31. Structure of a Long Bone • Diaphysis (shaft) • Compact bone collar surrounds medullary (marrow) cavity • Medullary cavity in adults contains fat (yellow marrow)

  32. Structure of a Long Bone • Epiphyses • Expanded ends • Spongy bone interior • Epiphyseal line (remnant of growth plate) • Articular (hyaline) cartilage on joint surfaces

  33. Structure of a Long Bone • Epiphyses • Expanded ends • Spongy bone interior • Epiphyseal line (remnant of growth plate) • Articular (hyaline) cartilage on joint surfaces

  34. Structure of a Long Bone • Epiphyses • Expanded ends • Spongy bone interior • Epiphyseal line (remnant of growth plate) • Articular (hyaline) cartilage on joint surfaces

  35. Structure of a Long Bone • Epiphyses • Expanded ends • Spongy bone interior • Epiphyseal line (remnant of growth plate) • Articular (hyaline) cartilage on joint surfaces

  36. Membranes of Bone • Periosteum • Outer fibrous layer • Inner osteogenic layer • Osteoblasts (bone-forming cells) • Osteoclasts (bone-destroying cells) • Osteogenic cells (stem cells) • Nerve fibers, nutrient blood vessels, and lymphatic vessels enter the bone via nutrient foramina • Secured to underlying bone by Sharpey’s fibers

  37. Membranes of Bone • Periosteum • Outer fibrous layer • Inner osteogenic layer • Osteoblasts (bone-forming cells) • Osteoclasts (bone-destroying cells) • Osteogenic cells (stem cells) • Nerve fibers, nutrient blood vessels, and lymphatic vessels enter the bone via nutrient foramina • Secured to underlying bone by Sharpey’s fibers

  38. Membranes of Bone • Periosteum • Outer fibrous layer • Inner osteogenic layer • Osteoblasts (bone-forming cells) • Osteoclasts (bone-destroying cells) • Osteogenic cells (stem cells) • Nerve fibers, nutrient blood vessels, and lymphatic vessels enter the bone via nutrient foramina • Secured to underlying bone by Sharpey’s fibers

  39. Membranes of Bone • Periosteum • Outer fibrous layer • Inner osteogenic layer • Osteoblasts (bone-forming cells) • Osteoclasts (bone-destroying cells) • Osteogenic cells (stem cells) • Nerve fibers, nutrient blood vessels, and lymphatic vessels enter the bone via nutrient foramina • Secured to underlying bone by Sharpey’s fibers

  40. Membranes of Bone • Endosteum • Delicate membrane on internal surfaces of bone

  41. Membranes of Bone • Endosteum • Delicate membrane on internal surfaces of bone

  42. Microscopic Anatomy of Bone: Compact Bone • Haversian system, or osteon—structural unit • Lamellae • Weight-bearing • Column-like matrix tubes • Central (Haversian) canal • Contains blood vessels and nerves

  43. Microscopic Anatomy of Bone: Compact Bone • Haversian system, or osteon—structural unit • Lamellae • Weight-bearing • Column-like matrix tubes • Central (Haversian) canal • Contains blood vessels and nerves

  44. Microscopic Anatomy of Bone: Compact Bone • Haversian system, or osteon—structural unit • Lamellae • Weight-bearing • Column-like matrix tubes • Central (Haversian) canal • Contains blood vessels and nerves

  45. Microscopic Anatomy of Bone: Compact Bone • Haversian system, or osteon—structural unit • Lamellae • Weight-bearing • Column-like matrix tubes • Central (Haversian) canal • Contains blood vessels and nerves

  46. Microscopic Anatomy of Bone: Compact Bone • Haversian system, or osteon—structural unit • Lamellae • Weight-bearing • Column-like matrix tubes • Central (Haversian) canal • Contains blood vessels and nerves

  47. Microscopic Anatomy of Bone: Compact Bone • Perforating (Volkmann’s) canals • At right angles to the central canal • Connects blood vessels and nerves of the periosteum and central canal • Lacunae—small cavities that contain osteocytes • Canaliculi—hairlike canals that connect lacunae to each other and the central canal

  48. Microscopic Anatomy of Bone: Compact Bone • Perforating (Volkmann’s) canals • At right angles to the central canal • Connects blood vessels and nerves of the periosteum and central canal • Lacunae—small cavities that contain osteocytes • Canaliculi—hairlike canals that connect lacunae to each other and the central canal

  49. Microscopic Anatomy of Bone: Compact Bone • Perforating (Volkmann’s) canals • At right angles to the central canal • Connects blood vessels and nerves of the periosteum and central canal • Lacunae—small cavities that contain osteocytes • Canaliculi—hairlike canals that connect lacunae to each other and the central canal

  50. Microscopic Anatomy of Bone: Spongy Bone • Trabeculae • Align along lines of stress • No osteons • Contain irregularly arranged lamellae, osteocytes, and canaliculi • Capillaries in endosteum supply nutrients

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