Digital Libraries, Electronic Theses and Dissertations (ETDs), and NDLTD

1. Symposium: Open Access to Information Panel 2: Open Access & Institutional Repositories24 August 2006, Brasilia Digital Libraries, Electronic Theses and Dissertations (ETDs), and NDLTD http://fox.cs.vt.edu/talks/2006/20060824IBICTp2 Edward A. Fox, fox@vt.edu Executive Director, NDLTD Chair, IEEE-CS Tech. Committee on Digital Libraries Professor, Department of Computer Science Director, Digital Library Research Laboratory Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 26061 USA

2. Outline • Key Ideas • Acknowledgements • Digital Libraries • DLs & Scholarly Communication • Institutional Repositories • NDLTD • Summary • DL Futures

3. Key Ideas - Overview • Theorem 1: Supporters of Open Access should support NDLTD. • Theorem 2: 5S can guide us to better support of Open Access.

4. Acknowledgements • Students • Faculty, Staff • Collaborators • Support • Mentors

5. Acknowledgements: Students • Pavel Calado, Yuxin Chen, Fernando Das Neves, Shahrooz Feizabadi, Robert France, Marcos Gonçalves, Nithiwat Kampanya, S.H. Kim, Aaron Krowne, Bing Liu, Ming Luo, Paul Mather, Fernando Das Neves, Unni. Ravindranathan, Ryan Richardson, Rao Shen, Ohm Sornil, Hussein Suleman, Ricardo Torres, Wensi Xi, Baoping Zhang, Qinwei Zhu, …

6. Acknowledgements: Faculty, Staff • Lillian Cassel, Debra Dudley, Roger Ehrich, Joanne Eustis, Weiguo Fan, James Flanagan, C. Lee Giles, Eberhard Hilf, John Impagliazzo, Filip Jagodzinski, Rohit Kelapure, Neill Kipp, Douglas Knight, Deborah Knox, Aaron Krowne, Alberto Laender, Gail McMillan, Claudia Medeiros, Manuel Perez, Naren Ramakrishnan, Layne Watson, …

7. Other Collaborators (Selected) • Brazil: FUA, IBICT, UFMG, UNICAMP, USP • Case Western Reserve University • Emory, Notre Dame, Oregon State • Germany: Humboldt U., U. Oldenburg • Mexico: UDLA (Puebla), Monterrey • College of NJ, Hofstra, Penn State, Villanova • University of Arizona • University of Florida, Univ. of Illinois • University of Virginia • VTLS (slides on digital repositories, NDLTD)

8. Acknowledgements: Support • Course: UNESCO, CETREDE, IFLA-LAC, AUGM, CLEI, UFC • Sponsors: ACM, Adobe, AOL, CAPES, CNI, CONACyT, DFG, IBM, Microsoft, NASA, NDLTD, NLM, NSF (IIS-9986089, 0086227, 0080748, 0325579, 0535057; ITR-0325579; DUE-0121679, 0136690, 0121741, 0333601), OCLC, SOLINET, SUN, SURA, UNESCO, US Dept. Ed. (FIPSE), VTLS

9. Acknowledgements - Mentors • JCR Licklider – undergrad advisor (1969-71) • Author in 1965 of “Libraries of the Future” • Before, at ARPA, funded start of Internet • Michael Kessler – BS thesis advisor • Project TIP (technical information project) • Defined bibliographic coupling • Gerard Salton – graduate advisor (1978-83) • “Father of Information Retrieval”

10. Digital Libraries • Definitions • DL Manifesto – Reference Model • Book in process (Fox & Gonçalves), 5S • DL Curriculum Project

11. DL Definitions - 1 • “A digital library is an organized and focused collection of digital objects, including text, images, video, and audio, along with methods of access and retrieval, and for selection, creation, organization, maintenance, and sharing of the collection.” • Witten & Bainbridge – “How to Build a Digital Library” – Morgan Kaufmann 2003

12. DL Definitions - 2 • “Digital libraries are organizations that provide the resources, including the specialized staff, to select, structure, offer intellectual access to, interpret, distribute, preserve the integrity of, and ensure the persistence over time of collections of digital works so that they are readily and economically available for use by a defined community or set of communities” • Waters,D.J. CLIR Issues, July/August 1998 • www.clir.org/pubs/issues/issues04.html

13. DL Definitions - 3 • Issues and Spectra • Collection vs. Institution • Content vs. System • Access vs. Preservation • “Free” vs. Quality • Managed vs. Comprehensive • Centralized vs. Distributed

14. DL Definitions - 4 • NOT a “digitized library” • NOT a “deconstruction” of existing systems and institutions, moving them to an electronic box in a Library • IS a new way to deal with knowledge • Authoring, Self-archiving, Collecting, • Organizing, Preserving, • Accessing, Propagating, Re-using

16. DL Manifesto - 1 • DL Reference Model • In support of the future European Digital Library • Developed by team connected with DELOS (Candela, Casteli, Ioannidis, Koutrica, Meghini, Pagano, Ross, Schek, Schuldt) • Draft 2.2 presented in Frescati, near Rome, June 2006 – 79 pages • Could be integrated with work of DLF, JISC, etc.

17. DL Manifesto – 2: 3 Tiers

18. DL Manifesto – 3: Main Concepts

19. DL Manifesto – 4: Actor Roles

20. Fox & Gonçalves DL Book Parts • Ch. 1. Introduction (Motivation, Synopsis) • Part 1 – The “Ss” • Part 2 – Higher DL Constructs • Part 3 – Advanced Topics • Appendix

21. Book Parts and Chapters - 1 • Ch. 1. Introduction (Motivation, Synopsis) • Part 1 – The “Ss” • Ch. 2: Streams • Ch. 3: Structures • Ch. 4: Spaces • Ch. 5: Scenarios • Ch. 6: Societies

22. Informal 5S & DL DefinitionsDLs are complex systems that • help satisfy info needs of users (societies) • provide info services (scenarios) • organize info in usable ways (structures) • present info in usable ways (spaces) • communicate info with users (streams)

23. Structures Societies Scenarios hypertext Streams indexing Spaces searching services Collection Repository browsing A Minimal DL in the 5S Framework Structured Stream Structural Metadata Specification Descriptive Metadata Specification Metadata Catalog Digital Object Minimal DL

24. Book Parts and Chapters - 2 • Part 2 – Higher DL Constructs • Ch. 7: Collections • Ch. 8: Catalogs • Ch. 9: Repositories and Archives • Ch. 10: Services • Ch. 11: Systems • Ch. 12: Case Studies

25. Book Parts and Chapters - 3 • Part 3 – Advanced Topics • Ch. 13: Quality • Ch. 14: Integration • Ch. 15: How to build a digital library • Ch. 16: Research Challenges, Future Perspectives • Appendix • A: Mathematical preliminaries • B: Formal Definitions: Ss • C: Formal Definitions: DL terms, Minimal DL • D: Formal Definitions: Archeological DL • E: Glossary of terms, mappings

26. DL Curriculum Framework

27. Project Teams/NSF Grant • Project Team at VT (IIS-0535057): • PI: Dr. Edward A. Fox (fox@vt.edu) • GRA: Seungwon Yang (seungwon@vt.edu) • Project Team at UNC-CH(IIS-0535060): • Co-PI: Dr. Barbara Wildemuth (wildem@ils.unc.edu) • Co-PI: Dr. Jeffrey Pomerantz (pomerantz@unc.edu) • GRA: Sanghee Oh (shoh@email.unc.edu)

28. DLs & Scholarly Communication • Asynch • Information Life Cycle • Flattening • Author skills, toward Semantic Web • Crossing the Chasm • OAI

29. Asynchronous, Digital Library Mediated Scholarly Communication Different time and/or place

30. Information Life Cycle Creation Active Authoring Modifying Social Context Using Creating Organizing Indexing Retention / Mining Accessing Filtering Storing Retrieving Semi- Active Utilization Distributing Networking Inactive Searching

31. Digital LibrariesShorten the Chain from Author Editor Reviewer Publisher A&I Consolidator Library Reader

32. DLs Shorten the Chain to Roles Digital Library Author Teacher User Reader Editor Learner Reviewer Librarian

33. Important skills for authors • Authoring (Word Processing ->e-pub) • Rendering, presenting • Tagging, Markup (XML, SGML) • “Semi-structured information” • Dual-publishing, eBooks • Styles (XSL, XSLT) • Structured queries

38. OAI – Repository Perspective Required: Protocol Set Structure URI Scheme MDO MDO MDO MDO Required: DC MDO MDO MDO MDO DO DO DO DO

39. OA 1 OA 2 OA 4 OA 3 OA 5 OA 6 OA 7 OAI – Black Box Perspective

40. Metadata harvesting The World According to OAI Service Providers Discovery Current Awareness Preservation Data Providers

41. Institutional Repositories • Definitions, Goals • Eprints • DSpace • Fedora, VITAL • Comparisons • ODL + 5S Suite (not shown)

42. Institutional Repositories - 1 • “Institutional repositories are digital collections that capture and preserve the intellectual output of a single university or a multiple institution community of colleges and universities.” • Crow, R. “Institutional repository checklist and resource guide”, SPARC, Washington, D.C., USA • www.arl.org/sparc/IR/IR_Guide_v1.pdf

43. Institutional Repositories - 2 • “A university-based institutional repository is a set of services that a university offers to the members of its community for the management and dissemination of digital materials created by the institution and its community members. It is most essentially an organizational commitment to the stewardship of these digital materials, including long-term preservation where appropriate, as well as organization and access or distribution.” • Lynch, C.A. In ARL Bimonthly Report 226, pp. 1-7, Feb. 2003, www.arl.org/newsltr/226/ir.html

44. What is aDigital Object Repository? • Also called: digital rep., digital asset rep., institutional repository • Stores and maintains digital objects (assets) • Provides external interface for Digital Objects • Creation, Modification, Access • Enforces access policies • Provides for content type disseminations Adapted from Slide by V. Chachra, VTLS

45. Goals of Institutional Repositories (by Steven Harnad, U. Southampton) • Self Archiving of Institutional Research • Thesis and Dissertations (VTLS NDLTD Project) • Article preprints and post prints • Internal documents and maps • Management of digital collections • Preservation of materials – decentralized approach • Housing of teaching materials • Electronic Publishing of journals, books, posters, maps, audio, video and other multimedia objects Adapted from Slide by V. Chachra, VTLS