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GRADE C Describe the main steps in testing a new drug.

Drug Testing. GRADE C Describe the main steps in testing a new drug. Explain the terms placebo and double-blind trial. . Scientists have developed a new medicine what features would be important?. Effective – it must prevent or cure a disease or at least make you feel better.

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GRADE C Describe the main steps in testing a new drug.

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  1. Drug Testing • GRADE C • Describe the main steps in testing a new drug. • Explain the terms placebo and double-blind trial.

  2. Scientists have developed a new medicine what features would be important? • Effective – it must prevent or cure a disease or at least make you feel better. • Safe – the drug must not be too toxic (poisonous) or have unacceptable side effects for the patient. • Stable – you must be able to use the medicine under normal conditions and store it for some time. • 4. Successfully taken into and removed from your body – it must reach its target and be cleared from your system once it has done its work.

  3. Why is it important to test new drugs before they are released for general use?

  4. Thalidomide If these tests are not thorough then a new medicine may have dangerous side effectsThalidomide is a medicine that was widely used in 1950s as a sleeping pill. It also helped to prevent ‘morning sickness’ in pregnant women.It was not tested thoroughly enough before been marketed, women started to give birth to babies with severe limb abnormalities.It is no longer used for pregnant women but it is effective in treating leprosy

  5. What kind of drugs are we looking at developing?What is the leading cause of deaths between 25-74 yr olds in the UK?

  6. Cancer is the biggest premature killer 4 in every 10 people between ages 25-74 are killed by cancer before they reach their life expectancy.

  7. How much do you think it costs pharmaceutical companies annually to test each new drug?

  8. The annual cost for clinical trial for each drug is £600 million PER DRUG Drugs are first tested in lab using cells, tissues and living animals. Tested in clinical trials using healthy volunteers & patients. Initially small doses of the drug are used. If no side effects are seen further trials are used to find the optimum dose for the drug.

  9. Answer these questions! What is a placebo? This is sometimes given to the control group. It looks exactly like the real treatment but has no drug in it What is a double blind trial? Neither the patient of the doctor know whether the patient is in the control group or not How do they maintain a fair test during a clinical drug trial?

  10. Animals of each type used in research in 2005 Total number of animals used = 2.89 million • Other mammals includes: • Monkeys 4652 • Dogs 7670 • Sheep 29,329 • Cats 500 WHY MICE?

  11. Genetic engineering to test for obesity gene Leptin, the Appetite Hormone, Rewires the Brain Mice without the leptin gene are morbidly obese (left) compared to normal mice (right). Leptin promotes the growth of mouse neurons. Images show growth patterns without leptin (top) and with leptin. How do you fell about animal testing? Try to give positives and negatives.

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