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Chapter 3 Benchmark Review

Chapter 3 Benchmark Review. cell-tissue-organ- organ system-organism. 38. From least complex to most complex, what is the correct order of the levels of organization of a multicellular organism? organ organism tissue organ system cell. keep the blood flowing forward.

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Chapter 3 Benchmark Review

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  1. Chapter 3 Benchmark Review

  2. cell-tissue-organ-organ system-organism 38. From least complex to most complex, what is the correct order of the levels of organization of a multicellular organism? organ organism tissue organ system cell

  3. keep the blood flowing forward 39. What do heart valves do?

  4. Your blood relies on four special valves inside the heart. • A valve lets something in and keeps it from going backward. • These valves all work to keep the blood flowing forward. • They open up to let the blood move ahead, then they close quickly to keep the blood from flowing backward.

  5. 40. What makes the sound of your heartbeat? • This sound comes from the valves closing and shutting on the blood inside the heart. • A healthy heart makes a lub-dub sound with each beat. • (path: body, RA, RV, pulmonary artery, lungs, pulmonary vein, LA, LV, aorta, body)

  6. atria (atrium is singular) 41. The upper chambers of the heart are called _____.

  7. ventricles 41. The lower chambers of the heart are called ______.

  8. 42. What does the right side of your heart do? • The right side of your heart receives oxygen poor blood from the body and pumps it to the lungs.

  9. 43. What does the left side of your heart do? • The left side of the heart receives oxygen rich blood from the lungs and pumps it out to the body. • Left comes from the Lungs

  10. 44. Gas exchange in the alveoli: • Oxygendiffuses from alveoli to blood into capillaries. • Carbon dioxide diffuses out from the blood in capillaries to alveoli.

  11. alveoli • tiny air sacs within the lungs where gases are exchanged between the lungs and the blood

  12. capillaries • tiny blood vessels that connect the arteries and veins • they exchange gases and nutrients between the blood and body cells • the smallest blood vessels

  13. 45. Gas exchange in cells: Oxygen diffuses out from the blood in the capillaries into cells. Carbon dioxide diffuses from cells to blood in capillaries.

  14. Examples of molecules that diffuse through cell membranes 1. Oxygen 2. Carbon dioxide 3. Water

  15. Alveolus BodyCell Capillary

  16. respiratory system • the body system that takes in oxygen and releases carbon dioxide

  17. circulatory system • the transport system that uses blood to carry nutrients, oxygen, etc. to the cells of the body and carries wastes away from the cells

  18. trachea • the tube that transports air from the throat to the lungs • also called the windpipe

  19. lungs • elastic, sponge-like organs in the chest (the main organs of the respiratory system)

  20. bronchi • a pair of tubes that branch off of the trachea and enter the lungs

  21. diaphragm • a sheet-like muscle just below the lungs that expands and contracts the chest cavity to control breathing

  22. organ system a group of organs that work together to perform a complex function

  23. tissue a group of similar cells working together to perform a specific function

  24. organ A group of tissues that work together to perform a function or task

  25. Can unicellular organisms have tissues, organs, or organ systems? • No. Tissues are made of more than one cell.

  26. organs • Which are more complex, tissues or organs?

  27. yes • Can an organ belong to more than one organ system? • For example, the heart is part of the circulatory and respiratory systems.

  28. organ systems • Which are more complex, organ systems or organs?

  29. cell the basic unit of structure and function of all living things

  30. tissues • Which are more complex, tissues or cells?

  31. cellular respiration • the process in which oxygen is combined with glucose to release energy

  32. heart • a muscular organ that pumps blood throughout the body

  33. arteries • blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart (with oxygen) • (shown in red)

  34. veins • blood vessels that carry blood toward the heart (without oxygen) • (shown in blue)

  35. four • There are _____ basic types of tissue in the human body: • Muscle tissue • Nervous tissue • Connective tissue • Epithelial tissue

  36. Gas exchange in cells: Gas exchange in cells:

  37. red blood cells • blood cells that carry oxygen to the cells of the body and carry carbon dioxide from cells back to the lungs

  38. plasma • a yellowish fluid that is mostly water in which blood cells are suspended; it also contains dissolved nutrients, minerals, salts, and gases

  39. white blood cells • the type of blood cells that help the body fight disease by attacking invading microorganisms and making antibodies to fight infection

  40. platelets • cell fragments that help form blood clots to stop bleeding

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