The future of the Milky Way and the Andromeda Galaxy

1. The future of the Milky Way and the Andromeda Galaxy Lukas Gabi, Rico Bürgler

2. Content Discovery of Andromeda Galaxy Measurement Simulation After the collision: What happens to our solar system?

3. Can be seen without telescope Apparent dimensions 3.167° × 1° Only the core is visible by eye Visibility and comparison

4. Described by Abd al-Rahman al-Sufi 964 AD Labeled M31 by Charles Messier, discovery by Simon Marius Measurement of radial velocity and distance at the beginning of the 20th century indicated Andromeda not being a nebula in the milky way Discovery of Andromeda

5. Measurement • Radial velocity measured at Lowell Observatory in 1913 • Blue shift indicated approaching velocity of 300km/s • Relative velocity to Milky Way: ~110km/s • Distance determined by Edwin Hubble in 1925 settled the “Great Debate” between Harlow Shapley and Heber CurtisDistance: ~2.5 million ly

6. Measurement • Proper motion (sideways) much harder to measure • High resolution telescopes were used to determine movement relative to background stars • Proper motion measured with hubble telescope from pictures between 2002 and 2012: Andromeda's tangential velocity with respect to the Milky Way is much smaller

8. After the collision • Star formation from compression stardust • New Galaxy “Milkomeda” with a binary system in the center • Binary system will finally merge into a single center • Some stars may fall into one of the centers • Other stars can be catapulted out of the galaxy • Triangulum Galaxy will eventually collide with Milkomeda

10. After the collision

11. After the collision

13. Questions?