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Chemistry 101

Chemistry 101. Inorganic Chapter 1. Why Study Chemistry?. Need Value INFORMATION Chemistry is everything Computer chips. Industry. Peanuts Polymers Soap Food Cars Makeup. Solid. Liquid. States of Matter. Gas. Plasma. States of matter. Mixtures Solution Compound. Gatorade

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Chemistry 101

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  1. Chemistry 101 Inorganic Chapter 1 © 2005 Mark S. Davis

  2. Why Study Chemistry? • Need • Value • INFORMATION • Chemistry is everything • Computer chips © 2005 Mark S. Davis

  3. Industry • Peanuts • Polymers • Soap • Food • Cars • Makeup © 2005 Mark S. Davis

  4. Solid Liquid States of Matter © 2005 Mark S. Davis

  5. Gas Plasma States of matter © 2005 Mark S. Davis

  6. Mixtures Solution Compound Gatorade Caesar salad Water Coffee An iron nail Air milk Classifying substances © 2005 Mark S. Davis

  7. Methods of separation • Filtration • Sublimation • Evaporation • Distillation • Chromatography • decantation © 2005 Mark S. Davis

  8. Measurement SI system (metric) © 2005 Mark S. Davis

  9. Non SI units • Volume ------------- • Energy ------------- © 2005 Mark S. Davis

  10. Metric Units • See table 1.4 p 11 • You should know: © 2005 Mark S. Davis

  11. Conversions • Method 1: ladder • Method 2: ratios • Method 3: unit conversion (1.7) © 2005 Mark S. Davis

  12. Significant Figures • Exact numbers • Uncertainty in measurements • Inherent error in equipment • I.e. A balance can be off by ± 0.01 g • Numbers are reported in significant digits © 2005 Mark S. Davis

  13. Rules All non zeroes are significant Zeroes between nonzeroes are significant Zero before is not Zero after is Zero after with no decimal point is not What numbers are significant? © 2005 Mark S. Davis

  14. Use number x 10n 4.5 x 102 = 450 Calculators EE, E, EXP Express in scientific notation Scientific Notation © 2005 Mark S. Davis

  15. Calculations with Significant Figures • Add/subtract – Line up decimal, round to the last full column to the right • Multiply/divide – express answer in same number of digits as smallest value in problem • Only round after problem is complete © 2005 Mark S. Davis

  16. A little vocab… • Define • Mass (g) • Volume (mL) • Density (g/mL) © 2005 Mark S. Davis

  17. Density and Whales • Box p. 24 © 2005 Mark S. Davis

  18. Temperature • Scale of ‘hotness’ • Amount of heat (energy, molecular movement) in something • Scales © 2005 Mark S. Davis

  19. Conversions • oC to oF • oC to K © 2005 Mark S. Davis

  20. Calorimetry • Measurement of heat (amount of energy in something) • Food and bomb calorimeter © 2005 Mark S. Davis

  21. Specific Heat • Amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 gram of a substance by 1 oC • See table 1.6 p. 30 • Measured in Joules/(1 g *1oC) © 2005 Mark S. Davis

  22. Equation • Q = m x Cp x T • Where © 2005 Mark S. Davis

  23. Calculations of Specific Heat © 2005 Mark S. Davis

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