Ch-01 Introduction: The Meaning of Governance

1. Ch-01Introduction: The Meaning of Governance Presented By Md. Mizanur Rahman Roll-03, GPP CSCD 1

2. Topic to be Covered • Different definitions of Governance • Governance and Institutions • Governance and Core Issues • Outline of the Book 2

3. Etymological Meaning of Governance • Greek verb ‘kubernan’ means “ to Pilot or steer” • Latin ‘gubernare’ means “Piloting, rule making or steering” • Concise Oxford Dictionary defines governance as “the act or manner of governing; the office or function of governing”. To govern is ‘to rule or control with authority’ 3

4. Definition of governance (Rhodes) • Governance refers to self-organize, inter-organizational networks characterized by interdependence, resource-exchange, rules of the game, and significant autonomy from the state. (Rhodes, 1997a:15) 4

5. Definition of governance (contd..) (Rosenau) • Global governance is conceived to include system of rule at all levels of human activity - from the family to the international organization – in which pursuit (search) of goals through the exercise of control has transnational repercussions. (Rosenau, 1995:13) 5

6. Definition of governance (contd..) (Hyden) • Governance is the stewardship of formal and informal political rules of the game. Governance refers to those measures that involve setting the rules for the exercise of power and setting conflict over such rules. (Hyden, 1999:185) 6

7. What is governance • New use of Governance include- -state actors and institution -Role of networks in pursuit of common goals -Networks could be inter-governmental or inter-organizational 7

8. What is governance (contd..) • Could cover three broad fields- 1. Public administration and public Policy 2. International relation 3.Comparative politics 8

9. Governance as a topic of Public administration and public Policy • Rod Rhodes’s definition can be placed • Study the task, organization management and accountability structure of the public sector. • Structured as a hierarchy, merit based requirement and promotion etc. 9

10. Governance as a topic of International relation • Rosenau’s definition can be placed • Internationalization, or globalization of the world economy raise the extent of control of states in her territory. • WTO, World Bank raised the need for global governance. • Trade regulation, environment and conflict resolution are the main issue. 10

11. Governance as a topic of Comparative politics • Hyden’s definition can be placed • It refers to systematic comparison of political system • Political culture • Parties and interest groups • Electoral behabior 11

12. Governance and institutionalism • Institutionalism boils to two assumptions of human behavior • 1. Rational behavioral Model: preference are exogenous; the individual lists his or her alternatives for action, decides which alternative would best maximize utility and then acts accordingly. • March and Oslen have called this the logic of consequentiality. 12

13. Governance and institutionalism (Contd.) • 1. Sociological behavioral Model: preference are endogenous; the individual has been socialized into having certain values and norms that determine behavior. For instance, if an individual grown up in working class family, he may choose the party represents working calss • March and Oslen have called this the logic of appropriateness. 13

14. Governance and institutionalism (Contd.) • In governance theory, both sociological (cultural) and rational (calculus) approach can be found. • From an institutional perspective, governance is about affecting ‘the framework within which citizens and officials act and politics occurs, and which shape the identities and institution of civil society’. • Governance is the capacity of government to make and implement policy, to steer society. 14

15. Governance and Core concepts • The rational model of behavior would fit with an aggregate notion of • Democracy • Political actors converts individual wants • Resource to collective action through bargaining, pay-offs and coalition formation. 15

16. Governance and Core concepts (contd..) • The sociological (cultural) model of behavior continuously evaluated and • Individual adapt to surrounded norms an expectation • Citizen perform for their common good • Support and create civic institution and participatory process. 16

17. Governance and Core concepts (contd..) • In short, governance is about • Managing rules of the game to enhance legitimacy • This legitimacy may be derived from democracy as well as efficiency. • Democratic accountability to be ensured. 17

18. Outline of the Book • Ch 2: Public administration and public policy • how policy networks come into existence • How they function and how they change • Ch 3: international relation • how to establish rules and procedures that can solve intensified globalization problem • Combating poverty, drug-trafficking, environment threat. 18

19. Outline of the Book • Ch 4: Studies of European governance • policy-making process in a supra-national level; i,e, EU commission • Efficiency in regulation of single market • Ch 5 and 6: Comparative politics • Role of state regulation in economy and social development. • Rules governing access to power, how they change and who implement the change. 19

20. Outline of the Book • Ch 7: Governance and the World Bank • WB is engaged in development programs in poor countries promoting “good governance” • Democratization through responsiveness and accountable governance • Ch 8: Summary • Sums up the debates and give some recommendation to common concern and common problem in governance theory. 20

21. Any Questions??? 21

22. Thank You