The American Nation

The American Nation Chapter 10: The Age of Jefferson 1801–1816 Section 1: A Republican Takes Office Section 2: The Louisiana Purchase Section 3: New Threats from Overseas Section 4: The Road to War Section 5: The War of 1812

The Road to War Chapter 10, Section 4 • Why did conflicts between white settlers and Native Americans increase during the early 1800s?

Early Conflicts Between Settlers and Native Americans Chapter 10, Section 4 • Between 1790 and 1810, 900,000 settlers moved west of the Appalachians. They built farms on Indian lands and hunted animals the Indians needed for food. • Settlers ignored treaties that the United States government had signed with Indian nations. • Fighting often broke out between Native Americans and settlers.In 1791 Indians drove settlers from Ohio.

American forces under General Anthony Wayne defeated the Miami and other Indian nations at Fallen Timbers, in present-day Ohio. Chapter 10, Section 4 • In 1795, the Miami and other Indian nations signed the Treaty of Greenville, in which they gave up land that would later become part of Ohio. In return, they received $20,000 and the promise of more money if they kept the peace.

Chapter 10, Section 4

The Road to War Chapter 10, Section 4 • What was the goal of Tecumseh’s Native American confederation?

What Tecumseh and his brother, The Prophet, believed • They could keep settlers from taking more Indian land. • By returning to the old ways, Indians could gain the power to resist white invaders. What the Prophet did • Built a village for his followers along Tippecanoe Creek in Indiana Territory. What Tecumseh did • Worked to organize Indian nations between the Mississippi River and the Appalachian Mountains into aconfederation,or league. • Called for unity against the settlers. What the United States did • Troops under Governor William Henry Harrison marched against Prophetstown. The Prophet led a surprise attack on Harrison’s troops. In the Battle of Tippecanoe, both sides suffered heavy losses. Harrison’s troops defeated the Prophet’s forces. Tecumseh’s Confederation Chapter 10, Section 4

The Road to War Chapter 10, Section 4 • Why did the War Hawks push for war against Britain?

Why the War Hawks Pushed for War with Britain Chapter 10, Section 4 • The British were supplying guns and ammunition to Native Americans on the frontier. They encouraged Indians to attack settlements. • President Madison said that if either the British or French would stop seizing American ships, the United States would stop trading the other nation. France agreed to stop, so the United States traded with France but not with Britain. • The War Hawks were members of Congress from the South and the West who called for war. They were stirred by nationalism, or devotion to one’s country. They said Britain was treating the United States as if it were a British colony.

One War Hawk, Henry Clay, hoped that in a war the United States could conquer Canada. Chapter 10, Section 4 • Other War Hawks said that in a war with Britain, the United States could seize Florida from Britain’s ally, Spain. • To cut off American trade with France, British warships blockaded American ports. Finally in June 1812, Congress declared war on Britain.

Section 4 Assessment Chapter 10, Section 4 Tecumseh and the Prophet tried to organize a confederation of Indian nations in order to a) keep settlers from taking any more Indian land. b) drive the British out of Ohio for good. c) oppose Native American rivals west of the Mississippi. d) build more settlements like Prophetstown. One reason the United States declared war on Britain in 1812 was that a) Americans hoped a war would bring them more trade with Canada. b) Spain threatened to sell Florida to Britain. c) Britain kept trading with France. d) Britain continued to seize American ships.

The American Nation