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Energy (TKK-2129)

13/14 Spring Semester . Energy (TKK-2129). Instructor: Rama Oktavian Email: rama.oktavian86@gmail.com Office Hr.: M.13-15, Tu. 13-15, W. 13-15, Th. 13-15, F. 09-11. Outlines. 1. Geothermal energy. 2. Solar energy . 3. Wind energy. 4. Hydro energy. Geothermal energy. What is it??.

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Energy (TKK-2129)

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  1. 13/14 Spring Semester Energy(TKK-2129) Instructor: Rama Oktavian Email: rama.oktavian86@gmail.com • Office Hr.: M.13-15, Tu. 13-15, W. 13-15, Th. 13-15, F. 09-11

  2. Outlines 1. Geothermal energy 2. Solar energy 3. Wind energy 4. Hydro energy

  3. Geothermal energy What is it?? - energy that comes from the ground; power extracted from heat stored in the earth - It was formed by the decay of minerals and forests several years ago - heat is continuously produced inside the earth http://www.conserve-energy-future.com/GeothermalEnergy.php

  4. Geothermal energy Geothermal energy uses http://www.conservationconversations.com/cmswp/wp-content/uploads/GeothermalTable.jpg

  5. Geothermal energy Used as district heating 1892: America’s first district heating system was put into place Alex Mayada, Chris Bartlow, Tim Fisher, Lauren Pawling. Geothermal energy. http://klemow.wilkes.edu/KMK.courses.html

  6. Geothermal energy Used as district heating 1892: America’s first district heating system was put into place Alex Mayada, Chris Bartlow, Tim Fisher, Lauren Pawling. Geothermal energy. http://klemow.wilkes.edu/KMK.courses.html

  7. Geothermal energy Advantages • Renewability • Earth’s core is always going to be heated • As long as there is a way to extract the energy from the heat, the energy will always be available Alex Mayada, Chris Bartlow, Tim Fisher, Lauren Pawling. Geothermal energy. http://klemow.wilkes.edu/KMK.courses.html

  8. Geothermal energy Advantages • Smaller carbon footprint and environmentally friendly • Remarkable difference of environmental effects compared to fossil fuels • Most hardware used to extract geothermal energy is underground • Minimal use of surface (http://www.geothermal.nau.edu/about/enviroment.shtmlNorthern Arizona University. 2009 Oct 27) Alex Mayada, Chris Bartlow, Tim Fisher, Lauren Pawling. Geothermal energy. http://klemow.wilkes.edu/KMK.courses.html

  9. Geothermal energy Advantages • Lower cost • Easy to operate • Open up economy • Much more efficient use of land (http://www.geothermal.nau.edu/about/enviroment.shtml> Northern Arizona University. 2009 Oct 27) Alex Mayada, Chris Bartlow, Tim Fisher, Lauren Pawling. Geothermal energy. http://klemow.wilkes.edu/KMK.courses.html

  10. Geothermal energy Disadvantages • Fluids drawn from the deep earth carry a mixture of gases • Pollutants contribute to global warming and acid rain • Construction of Plants can adversely affect land stability • Sources may hold trace amounts of toxic chemicals/mineral deposits • Loud Noises • Initial start up cost (expensive) Alex Mayada, Chris Bartlow, Tim Fisher, Lauren Pawling. Geothermal energy. http://klemow.wilkes.edu/KMK.courses.html

  11. Geothermal energy How it works • Geothermal power plant http://drpinna.com/geothermal-energy-get-some-at-your-gas-station-27882

  12. Geothermal energy Geothermal energy in Indonesia • Sources Hazrul L Azahari, 2012, Introduction to Renewable Energy in Indonesia, Microhydro power training for rural development in ASEAN region, Bandung

  13. Geothermal energy Geothermal energy in Indonesia Hazrul L Azahari, 2012, Introduction to Renewable Energy in Indonesia, Microhydro power training for rural development in ASEAN region, Bandung

  14. 2,90 % Feasibility Study/Ready to Develop (8 locations) 32,61 % 2,54 % Detail ± Gradient Temp (90 locations) Installed (7 locations) 53,99 % 7,97% Reconnaissance (149 locations) Preliminary Survey (22 locations) Total Locations : 276 Geothermal energy Geothermal energy in Indonesia • Current status (2010) Surya Darma, 2011, Current Outlook on Geothermal in Indonesia, ASEAN – AUSTRALIA NEW ZEALAND BUSINESS SEMINAR

  15. Geothermal energy Geothermal energy in Indonesia • Geothermal Potential is more than 28.000 MW • Installed Capacities is 1196 MW: • Darajat – 260 MW (2005: 150 MW) • Dieng – 60 MW (2005: 60 MW) • Kamojang – 200MW (2005: 140 MW) • GunungSalak – 377MW (2005: 345MW) • Sibayak – 12MW (2005: 2 MW) • Lahendong – 60 MW (2005: 20 MW) • Wayang Windu – 227MW (2005: 110 MW). • Some direct use are under research program and some others are in utilized • Geothermal Road Map : increase to 9500 MW on 2025 Surya Darma, 2011, Current Outlook on Geothermal in Indonesia, ASEAN – AUSTRALIA NEW ZEALAND BUSINESS SEMINAR

  16. Geothermal energy Geothermal energy in Indonesia Geothermal direct use • Palm sugar processing in Lahendong • Copra drying in Lahendong, Mataloko and WaiRatai Lampung, • Mushroom cultivation in Kamojang and Pengalengan, • Tea drying and pasteurization in Pengalengan. • Fish farming in Lampung. • Balneology, spas • No heat Pump use so far Surya Darma, 2011, Current Outlook on Geothermal in Indonesia, ASEAN – AUSTRALIA NEW ZEALAND BUSINESS SEMINAR

  17. Geothermal energy Geothermal energy in Indonesia Masarang Palm Sugar Processing in Lahendong, North Sulawesi . Steam consumption : 4 ton/hrs Surya Darma, 2011, Current Outlook on Geothermal in Indonesia, ASEAN – AUSTRALIA NEW ZEALAND BUSINESS SEMINAR

  18. Geothermal energy Geothermal energy in Indonesia Geothermal road map 2004 - 2025 2010 2004 2008 2012 2016 2020 2025 822 MW (production) 2000 MW 3442 MW 4600 MW 6000 MW (target) 9000 MW (target) 1193 MW Existing WKP 1442 MW Existing WKP 1158 MW Existing WKP + New WKP 1400 MW New WKP 2008 2016 2010 2004 2012 2020 2025 1196 MW Existing WKP Geothermal Road - map Surya Darma, 2011, Current Outlook on Geothermal in Indonesia, ASEAN – AUSTRALIA NEW ZEALAND BUSINESS SEMINAR

  19. Geothermal energy OIL GAS COAL GEOTHERMAL HYDRO 2018 (365 TWh) Primary Energy Year 2025 (Scenarion PD No.5/2006) Primary Energy Year 2025 (BaU Scenario) 2008 (148 TWh) GEOTHERMAL GROWTH GAS HYDRO HYDRO OIL GAS COAL COAL Source: Indonesia Total Electricity Production by Fuel Type (GWH) RUPTL 2009-2018, PLN - General Plan to Supply Electricity Surya Darma, 2011, Current Outlook on Geothermal in Indonesia, ASEAN – AUSTRALIA NEW ZEALAND BUSINESS SEMINAR

  20. Geothermal energy Geothermal energy in Indonesia Barriers • Availability of good quality data • Delay of project development, • Bureaucracy, • Lack of Power Plant Maintenance, • The liability of the transmission line and infrastructure • Human capital on geothermal industry • Energy diversification is inconsistence Surya Darma, 2011, Current Outlook on Geothermal in Indonesia, ASEAN – AUSTRALIA NEW ZEALAND BUSINESS SEMINAR

  21. Geothermal energy Geothermal energy in Indonesia Opportunities • Robust electricity demand growth • Indonesia energy policy-Renewable prioritized, 10 thousands MW electricity accelerating project (Government Regulation No. 5 Year 2006, and GR No. 4/2010) • Indonesia has the largest inventory of undeveloped Geothermal resources in the world (40%) • Geothermal price can be competitive and affordable Surya Darma, 2011, Current Outlook on Geothermal in Indonesia, ASEAN – AUSTRALIA NEW ZEALAND BUSINESS SEMINAR

  22. Geothermal energy Geothermal energy in Indonesia Development challenges • Competitiveness of Geothermal Energy Price; • Continuing Subsidy of Fossil Fuel Price; • Political Will to Intensify Geothermal Energy Utilization; • Shortage of Competence Human Resources; • Absence of Technology and Research & Development Supports; • Lack of renewable incentives; • Absence of Integrated Energy Planning; • Lack of Information and Publicity on Indonesia’ Geothermal Potency and Benefits; and • Low Environmental Awareness. Surya Darma, 2011, Current Outlook on Geothermal in Indonesia, ASEAN – AUSTRALIA NEW ZEALAND BUSINESS SEMINAR

  23. Solar Energy The ultimate energy resource • Originates with the thermonuclear fusion reactions occurring in the sun. • Represents the entire electromagnetic radiation (visible light, infrared, ultraviolet, x-rays, and radio waves). Bhavik Shah, Solar Energy: The Ultimate Renewable Resource, http://www.physics.rutgers.edu/

  24. Solar Energy Advantages • Ultimate and free resource (sun) • Does not harmful environmental (no emission gas) • Can be used in remote areas • make absolutely no noise at all • Very little maintenance is needed

  25. Solar Energy Advantages • Comparative life-cycle CO2 emissions http://www.ucsusa.org/clean_energy/our-energy-choices/renewable-energy/environmental-impacts-solar-power.html

  26. Solar Energy Disadvantages • High initial installation cost of solar cell and solar panel • Electricity generation depends entirely on a countries exposure to sunlight • Solar energy is a diffuse source. To harness it, we must concentrate it into an amount and form that we can use, such as heat and electricity.

  27. Solar Energy How much solar energy can be absorbed? • The surface receives about 47% of the total solar energy that reaches the Earth. Only this amount is usable. http://www.physics.rutgers.edu/~kotliar/honors/honsem02/somalwar/HonSem02

  28. Solar Energy Solar energy uses http://www.keepbanderabeautiful.org/photovoltaic.html

  29. www.rainbowtradingpost.co.uk www.urbanoptions.org/RenewableEnergy Solar Energy Solar energy uses

  30. Concentrating solar thermal (CST) Photovoltaic (PV) greenoptions.com www.renewableenergyaccess.com Solar Energy Solar energy uses as electricity generator

  31. Solar Energy Solar energy uses as electricity generator

  32. Solar Energy Concerns associated with PV and Solar Cell • Heavy investment. • High-latitude areas receive relatively little sunshine. • Solar unreliable at night, during winter, and during cloudy periods. • Storage difficult; relies on batteries that may leak chemicals. • Some PV cells use heavy metals - toxic and difficult to recycle. • Solar farms require much land, currently between 5 and 10 acres / megawatt. • http://klemow.wilkes.edu/KMK.courses.html

  33. Solar energy Solar energy in Indonesia • Sources 112.000 GW Hazrul L Azahari, 2012, Introduction to Renewable Energy in Indonesia, Microhydro power training for rural development in ASEAN region, Bandung

  34. Hydro Power, 3.11% Geothermal, 1.32% Natural Gas, 28.57% Oil 51.66% Coal, 15.34% Power Plant, 1.9% Mini/micro Hydro Power Plant, 0.1% Geothermal, Oil, 1.1% 20% Gas, 20.6% Gas, 30% BIOFUELS, 5% Geothermal, 5% RE,17% Oil, 41.7% Biomass, Nuclear, Hydro Solar Energy, Wind Power, 5% Coal Liquefaction 2% Coal , 33% Coal 34.6% Solar energy CURRENT ENERGI MIX (1 million BOE) National (Primary) Energy Mix Target in 2025 1. Less than 1 for energy elasticity 2. Optimized primary energy mix National (Primary) Energy Mix of 2025 (BaU Scenario) (5 million BOE) National Energy Mix 2025 (3 million BOE) (Presidential Decree No. 5/2006) OPTIMIZING ENERGY MANAGEMENT

  35. Solar energy Based on the Blueprint of National Energy Management

  36. Wind energy Hazrul L Azahari, 2012, Introduction to Renewable Energy in Indonesia, Microhydro power training for rural development in ASEAN region, Bandung

  37. Wind energy KESDM, 2008

  38. Wind energy How does it work? http://fredzidd.myweb.uga.edu/EDIT/6190/project/ae_wind_turbine.htm

  39. Wind energy How does it work? http://smknews.net/wp-content/uploads/2013/09/wind_energy.jpg

  40. Thank You !

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