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VA Studies: Reconstruction, Civil Rights and 20 th Century VA

VA Studies: Reconstruction, Civil Rights and 20 th Century VA. Powerpoint created by Carrie Reed Facts from the VA Pacing Guide. What was Reconstruction?.

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VA Studies: Reconstruction, Civil Rights and 20 th Century VA

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  1. VA Studies: Reconstruction, Civil Rights and 20th Century VA Powerpoint created by Carrie Reed Facts from the VA Pacing Guide

  2. What was Reconstruction?

  3. Reconstruction is the period following the Civil War in which Congress passed laws designed to rebuild the country and bring the southern states back into the Union.

  4. What were the four problems facing Virginians during Reconstruction?

  5. Problems faced by Virginians during Reconstruction: 1)Freed slaves needed education, housing, food, and jobs 2)Virginia’s economy was in ruins 3) banks were closed 4) railroads, bridges, roads, crops, and plantations were destroyed

  6. What was the Freedmen’s Bureau?

  7. The Freedmen’s Bureau was a government agency that provided schools, food, and medical care for newly freed slaves and others in the south.

  8. What was sharecropping?

  9. Sharecropping was a system common in Virginia after the war. Freed men and poor white farmers rented land from a landowner by promising to pay the owner with a share of the crop.

  10. What is segregation?

  11. Segregation: the separation of people usually because of race or religion.

  12. What is discrimination?

  13. Discrimination: the unfair difference in the treatment of people.

  14. How did African Americans’ power change during and after Reconstruction?

  15. During Reconstruction African Americans began to have power in Virginia’s government, and men of all races could vote. After Reconstruction, these gains were lost when Jim Crow Laws established segregation and reinforced prejudices held by whites.

  16. What were Jim Crow laws?

  17. Jim Crow Lawsincluded unfair poll taxes and voting tests which kept some African Americans from voting or holding public office. African American children and white children attended separate schools.

  18. What are some ways Virginia grew after the Civil War and Reconstruction?

  19. Virginia grew after the Civil War and Reconstruction: • Cities grew with people, businesses, and factories. • Railroads were a key to the expansion of agriculture and industry. • Coal mining became an important industry in southwest Virginia. • Roanoke, Richmond, Newport News, and Norfolk became cities with new jobs and lots of activity.

  20. Virginia changed from an agricultural society to what type of society?

  21. Virginia changed from an agricultural society to an industrial society when old systems of farming were no longer effective.

  22. How did Virginia change during the 20th century?

  23. Technological developments took place in transportation, roads, railroads, and street cars. Cities began to grow as people moved from rural to urban areas. The number of federal jobs in Virginia increased.

  24. What became important industries in Virginia?

  25. Tobacco farming and products became important industries in Virginia.

  26. Since the end of WWII, why have Northern VA and the Coastal Plain region grown?

  27. Since the end of World War II, during the 20th Century, Northern Virginia and the Tidewater region have grown due to computer technology.

  28. What is desegregation?

  29. Desegregation: the abolishment of racial segregation

  30. What is integration?

  31. Integration: full equality of races in the use of public facilities

  32. What was Brown vs. Board of Education?

  33. Brown vs. Board of Education, a Supreme Court case in 1954, ruled that “separate but equal” schools were unconstitutional.

  34. What was Massive Resistance?

  35. Virginia’s government established a policy of Massive Resistance, which fought the integration of public schools. Massive Resistance failed and schools were ordered to integrate.

  36. Who was Harry Byrd, Sr?

  37. Harry Byrd, Sr. led the Massive Resistance movement against the integration of public schools. He was also a governor of Virginia who was known for a “Pay As You Go” policy for road improvements and he modernized the state government.

  38. Who was L. Douglas Wilder?

  39. L. Douglas Wilder, also a governor of Virginia, was the first African American to be elected a state governor in the United States.

  40. Who was Arthur R. Ashe?

  41. Arthur R. Ashe was the first African American winner of a major men’s tennis championship. He was an author and a spokesperson for social change.

  42. Who was Woodrow Wilson?

  43. Woodrow Wilson was a 20th Century president who wrote a plan for world peace.

  44. Who was George C. Marshall?

  45. George C. Marshall was a military leader who created an economic plan for world peace.

  46. Who was Oliver W. Hill, Sr?

  47. Oliver W. Hill, Sr.was a lawyer and civil rights leader who played a role in the Brown vs. Board of Education case.

  48. Who was Linwood Holton, Jr?

  49. Linwood Holton, Jr. was a governor of Virginia who promoted racial equality by appointing more African American women to positions in state government.

  50. Who was Maggie L. Walker?

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