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Scope of Final Rule. Liquid-filled distribution transformersHV ratings through 35 kVLV ratings 600 Volts and belowSingle-phase capacities 10-833 kVAThree-phase capacities 15-2500 kVADry-type medium-voltage transformerApproximately same ratings as for liquid-filled. Changes: NOPR vs Final Rule.
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1. DOE Final RuleTransformer Efficiency
2. Scope of Final Rule Liquid-filled distribution transformers
HV ratings through 35 kV
LV ratings 600 Volts and below
Single-phase capacities 10-833 kVA
Three-phase capacities 15-2500 kVA
Dry-type medium-voltage transformer
Approximately same ratings as for liquid-filled
3. Changes: NOPR vs Final Rule 10-100 kVA single-phase mandated efficiency slightly less thanTSL5 (was TSL2)
167 kVA single-phase mandated efficiency at TSL4 (was TSL2)
250-833 kVA single phase mandated efficiency between TSL2 and TSL3 (was TSL2)
4. Changes: NOPR vs Final Rule 15-300 kVA three phase, efficiency levels are TSL2 (unchanged)
500-2500 kVA three phase mandated efficiency levels at TSL3 or slightly above TSL3
5. Liquid-Filled Efficiency Levels (DOE vs NEMA)
6. Liquid-Filled Efficiency Levels
7. Major Concerns—Raw Materials Most distribution transformers sold today do not meet DOE mandate.
Additional demand on scarce resources…will impact transformer cost and availability
Magnet wire – 55% increased consumption
Strip aluminum – 55% increased consumption
Transformer oil – 3% reduced consumption
Core steel – 25% increased consumption (and 20% decreased core steel vendor capacity)
8. Cost/Efficiency Relationship
9. Major Concerns—Core Steel
10. Core Grade Distribution, Non-DOE Designs
11. Major Concerns—Core Steel DOE mandate will…
force a shift to M2, M3 and M4 grades
will eliminate usage of M5 and M6 grades for liquid-filled designs
12. Major Concerns—Core Steel Core steel in global short supply
Domestic suppliers plan no significant capacity increases
Core steel suppliers unable to supply enough M2 and M3 steel
Globally, few core steel suppliers offer M2 and M3 grades
Dry-type transformer producers will consume M5 and M6 grades
Rare and exotic core materials may be required (amorphous metal, laser scribed, high-B, etc.)
13. Transformer Cost Transformer prices will increase an average 15-30% for aluminum primary designs (depending on product line)
Transformer prices will increase an average 25-40% for non optimum designs (depending on product line)
Increases for individual utilities will vary widely, based on present efficiency levels
14. Other Issues How will increased pole-type transformer size and weight of 20-25% impact utility retrofits and service reliability?
How will manufacturers handle redesign requirements (most transformer designs do not meet the DOE mandate)?
Will waivers be available for emergencies?
15. Howard Action Plan Improve process capacities to compensate for increased size and weight
Increase core winding, annealing and lacing capacities
Increase coil winding capacities
Increase coil oven capacities
Increase core/coil oven capacities
Increase crane and conveyor capacities
Expand Laurel Facility size by 525,000 ft2
Increase unit production capacities
Small pole-type from 3,000 to 6,000 units per week
Padmounted capacity by 15%
Modify factory test stations
16. Buy the Lowest TOC That Meets DOE
17. Implementation Schedule
18. DOE Contact Antonio Bousa: Project Manager for Distribution Transformer Energy Conservation Standards, (202) 586-4563
DOE Web: http://www.eere.energy.gov/buildings/appliance_standards/commercial/distribution_transformers.html
Howard Web: www.howard.com