Conflict & Compromise

1. Conflict & Compromise What led to the American Civil War?

2. A Growing Nation • In the period between the American Revolution & the Civil War, the US grew immensely. • Land from Britain (lost the American Rev.) • Louisiana Purchase (bought from France)

4. A Growing Divide • As the US grew in size, a division grew between the North and South which resulted in two very distinct ways of life.

5. Northern Life • Industrial • factories • Large Population • many immigrants • 70% of Railroad Tracks • More $$ • Some farming too!

6. Southern Life • Agrarian- farming society • Smaller Population • Fewer Railroad Tracks • Some farmers still used waterways • Less $$ • Majority of $$ controlled by a small group of white, plantation owners.

7. Growing Divide over Slavery • Slavery was not just a moral issue, but about power and $$. • As the North and South grew apart, both sides fought for control in Washington, DC.

8. Slave States (South) vs. Free States (North) • Each state has # of congressman based on population. • However, no matter the size of the state or population, each state gets 2 senators. • If one side has just one more state, that means an advantage for that side in Washington, DC. • 11 Slave States x 2 Senators = 22 Senators

9. Slave States (South) vs. Free States (North) • 11 Free States x 2 Senators = 22 Senators • But if we add just one more state to one side… • 12 States x 2 Senators = 24 Senators

10. Missouri Compromise, 1820 • Balanced at 11 states on each side. • Missouri & Maine wanted to become states, so… • Missouri  Slave States • Maine  Free State • No slavery north of Missouri’s southern border (36⁰ 30´)

12. More Land Means More Conflict • 1819, Spain ceded Florida to the US • US won the Mexican-American War 1846-1847 • Gained most of the land from Texas to California • Gadsden Purchase • The US bought the rest of the land in the Southwest

13. Gadsden Purchase

14. Missouri Compromise

15. 1819, Spain cedes Florida to the US in return for nullification of a Five Million Dollar debt

16. Soon after, Mexico Wins Independence from Spain

17. Texan Independence

18. Results of the Mexican War

19. Gadsen Purchase

20. Compromise of 1850 • California  Free State • New Mexico  Slave State • Utah  Slave State • Fugitive Slave Law- required the return of escaped slaves to their owners

21. Uncle Tom’s Cabin • Book written in 1852 by Harriet Beecher Stowe • Described cruelty of slavery • Hoped to end slavery, but increased hostility between the North and the South.

22. “So this is the lady who started the Civil War.” -Abraham Lincoln

23. Kansas-Nebraska Act, 1854 • Popular Sovereignty- the people decide by voting • Abolitionists (against slavery) & proslavery people flooded the territory • Led to violence and bloodshed

24. Bleeding Kansas, 1856 • Abolitionist John Brown & supporters attacked proslavery men, killing 5 of them in a single night. • Led to increased violence in this territory.

26. Dred Scott Decision, 1857 • Dred Scott was a slave whom was moved into a free state. • Sued for his freedom, but denied. • The Supreme Court states that slaves are property, not citizens.

28. John Brown’s Raid • John Brown came out of hiding to lead 21 men in seizing the federal arsenal at Harper’s Ferry, VA. • Stopped by federal troops. • John Brown was executed for treason.

29. Election of 1860 Splits the Nation • Abraham Lincoln, the Republican nominee opposed to slavery, won with only 40% of the popular vote. • Didn’t receive any votes from the South, but because there were 4 candidates, votes were split & Lincoln won. • The South refused to follow a president for whom they didn’t vote.

32. Secession • Secession- to leave or withdraw. • Starting with South Carolina in 1861, 11 states left the Union/United States. • Created a new nation: • Confederate States of America “Confederacy” • Capital: Richmond, VA • President: Jefferson Davis

34. First “Unofficial” Battle • April 12, 1861, Southern forces attacked Fort Sumter, a federal fort in Charleston, SC. • After a day and a half, the Northern troops were forced to surrender. • This was the first “unofficial” battle of the Civil War.