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Biological Chemistry. Macromolecules. Large organic molecules Basic Structure. POLYMERIZATION!. Macromolecules. Carbohydrates Lipids Proteins Nucleic Acids. Proteins. Proteins. Chains of amino acids Basic structure below:. Proteins. Amino acid in solution. Proteins. 20 amino acids
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Macromolecules • Large organic molecules • Basic Structure POLYMERIZATION!
Macromolecules • Carbohydrates • Lipids • Proteins • Nucleic Acids
Proteins Chains of amino acids Basic structure below:
Proteins Amino acid in solution
Proteins 20 amino acids Differ only in their side chains, R.
Proteins: Primary Structure • Order of amino acids • Protein made depends on • Kind: which amino acids are present? • Amount: how many amino acids? • Sequence: what’s the order they are arranged?
Proteins: Secondary Structure Folding & coiling form pleated sheets and helixes Stabilized by hydrogen bonds
Proteins: Tertiary Structure Long coils fold among themselves
Proteins: Quaternary Structure • separate amino acid chains fit together to make the final structure of a protein • i.e., hemoglobin has 4!
Proteins: What do they do? Structural: collagen, elastin Oxygen-carriers: hemoglobin, myoglobin Forms parts of cell membranes: channels, receptors Allow muscle contraction Enzymes
Proteins: Enzymes Protein catalysts that speed up important biological chemical reactions
Proteins: Enzymes substrates How do they work?
Proteins: Enzymes How does environment affect its activity? Things to consider: • Temperature • pH
Proteins: Enzymes How does environment affect its activity?
Nucleic Acids DNA: deoxyribonucleic acid RNA: ribonucleic acid ATP: adenosine triphosphate
Nucleic Acids • Monomers are called nucleotides • Each nucleotide has 3 parts • nitrogen-containing base • monosaccharide ribose • phosphate
Nucleic Acids • Five kinds of bases • Adenine • Guanine • Thymine (in DNA only) • Cytosine • Uracil (in RNA only)
DNA & RNA • form the genetic material of an organism
ATP • carries energy and provides to help many reactions in the cell