Sport Psychology SHMD319

1. Sport PsychologySHMD319 Miss Muller

2. Chapter 1: Welcome to Sport and Exercise Psychology Introduction to Sport and Exercise Psychology

3. Session Outline • What is sport and exercise psychology? • Two objectives of sport and exercise psychology • Who is sport and exercise psychology for? • What do sport and exercise psychology specialists do? (three roles) (continued)

4. Session Outline (continued) • Clinical versus educational sport psychology specialists • Science of sport and exercise psychology • Sport and exercise psychology orientations (continued)

5. Session Outline (continued) • Present and future of sport and exercise psychology • Ethical standards for sport and exercise psychologists

6. Sport and Exercise Psychology The scientific study of people and their behaviors in sport and exercise activities and the practical application of that knowledge

7. Two Objectives of Sportand Exercise Psychology • Understand the effects of psychological factors on physical and motor performance. • Understand the effects of participation in physical activity on psychological development, health, and well-being.

8. Objective 1: Typical Questions Studied in Sport and Exercise Psychology • How does anxiety affect a basketball player’s accuracy in free-throw shooting? • Does lacking self-confidence influence a child’s ability to learn to swim? • How do a coach’s reinforcement and punishment influence a team’s cohesion? • Does imagery training facilitate the recovery process in injured athletes and exercisers?

9. Objective 2: Typical Questions Studied in Sport and Exercise Psychology • Does running reduce anxiety and depression? • Do young athletes learn to be overly aggressive from participation in youth sports? • Does participation in daily physical education classes improve a child’s self-esteem?

10. Sport and Exercise Psychology Applies to a Broad Population Base Seniors Children Exercisers Elite athletes Average athletes Persons who are physically and mentally challenged Coaches, teachers, and fitness leaders

11. Roles of the Sport and Exercise Psychologist Research: Inquiry aimed at advancing knowledge and sharing it through professional meetings and journal articles Teaching: Teaching university courses in either psychology or exercise and sport science Consulting: Working with athletes of all ages and abilities in the fitness industry and in sports medicine and physical therapy

12. Figure 1.1

13. Sport Psychology Specialties • Clinical sport psychologists • Educational sport psychology specialists

14. Clinical Sport Psychologists • are licensed psychologists • are trained to work with people with severe emotional disorders • are trained to help athletes with problems such as eating disorders and substance abuse.

15. Educational Sport Psychology Specialists • use mental coach approach—understand psychology of human movement. • have training in physical education, kinesiology, or exercise and sport science. • educate and increase athletes’ and coaches’ awareness of issues such as anxiety management and confidence development.

16. Three Approaches to Sport and Exercise Psychology • Psychophysiological orientation • Social–psychological orientation • Cognitive–behavioral orientation

17. Psychophysiological Orientation • Examines underlying psychophysiological processes of the brain in terms of primary causes of behavior. • Example: Biofeedback to trained marksmen

18. Social–Psychological Orientation • Behavior is determined by a complex interaction of the social environment and the personal makeup of the athlete or exerciser. • Example: How a leader’s style and strategies foster group cohesion

19. Cognitive–Behavioral Orientation • Behavior is determined by both the environment and thoughts (cognitions). • Example: Studying differences in confidence and anxiety among tennis players with or without burnout

20. The Present and Future of Sportand Exercise Psychology • More people are interested in acquiring training in psychological skills and applied work. • There is greater emphasis on counseling and clinical training for sport and exercise psychologists. • Ethics and competence issues are receiving greater emphasis. (continued)

21. The Present and Future of Sportand Exercise Psychology (continued) 4. Specialization and new subspecialties are developing. • Tension continues to exist between practitioners of academic and applied sport psychology. • Qualitative research methods are receiving more attention. (continued)

22. The Present and Future of Sportand Exercise Psychology (continued) 7. Applied sport psychologists have more work opportunities than ever but only limited chances for full-time positions. 8. Sport psychology is gaining increased acceptance and recognition of its usefulness. (continued)

23. The Present and Future of Sportand Exercise Psychology (continued) • The positive psychology movement in general psychology helps sport and exercise psychology expand into new areas such as business, music, and the performing arts. • Embracing the globalization of sport and exercise psychology is paramount for contemporary students of the field and will increase in years to come.

24. Ethical Standards for Sportand Exercise Psychologists • Competence. Maintain the highest standards in your work and recognize the limits of your expertise. • Integrity. Clarify roles and do not falsely advertise. • Professional and scientific responsibility. Always place the interests of clients first. (continued)

25. Ethical Standards for Sportand Exercise Psychologists (continued) • Respect for people’s rights and dignity. Respect such fundamental rights as privacy and confidentiality among clients. • Concern for the welfare of others. Always contribute to the welfare of those with whom you work. • Social responsibility. Contribute to knowledge and human welfare while always protecting participants’ interests.

26. Sport Psychology–Business Link • Lessons learned in high-performance sport can be applied to business. • The corporate athlete notion focuses on helping people in business reach their ideal performance states through use of principles of sport psychology and training. • Sustain high business performance through leadership development seminars, team-building activities, and one-on-one coaching.