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Future Mobility in Europe

Future Mobility in Europe. Challenges EU transport policy Alternative fuels. Franz Söldner European Commission Directorate General for Mobility and Transport. Growing challenges. Growing congestion and poorer accessibility. An infrastructure gap in the enlarged EU

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Future Mobility in Europe

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  1. Future Mobility in Europe • Challenges • EU transport policy • Alternative fuels Franz Söldner European Commission Directorate General for Mobility and Transport

  2. Growing challenges Growing congestion and poorer accessibility. An infrastructure gap in the enlarged EU Increasing oil price and persistent oil dependency. Deterioration of climate and local environment Increasing competitive pressure in the global economy

  3. Rising Oil Price and Oil Dependency Transport depends on oil for about 96% of its energy needs. The transport sector accounts for almost 90% of the projected increase in global oil use. Source: IEA World Energy Outlook 2010 • 750 million cars today, 2.2 billion in 2050 • The depletion of reserves and growing global demand would lead to ever higher oil prices. Source: Prometheus, NTUA (E3MLab)

  4. Oil Consumption EU-27

  5. Greenhouse Gas Emissions EU-27 Transport

  6. Air Pollution in Europe (NO2)

  7. Policy Drivers on Sustainable Mobility • High demand on finite energy sources (Range of conventional oil: ~ 45 years) • Increasing energy import dependence (Import dependence for oil: 84% at present) • Increasing greenhouse gas emissions (Increase of transport CO2 emissions: 25% since 1990) • Persistent air quality problems (Cities: particulates, NOx - Ships and boats: sulphur)

  8. Policy Objectives on Sustainable Mobility • Improve energy efficiency  contribute to reduction of energy demand • Substitute oil by alternative fuels  contribute to security of energy supply • Reduce CO2 emissions  contribute to climate protection • Reduce pollutant emissions  contribute to reduction of health impact

  9. EU Transport White Paper 2011 Vision for the transport system by 2050  1 target: -60% greenhouse gas emissions 10 indicative goals to guide policy action 40 actions in 4 areas: Internal Market Innovation Infrastructure International

  10. A CO2 Target for Transport Transport accounts for 25% of EU greenhouse gas emissions: 60% passenger transport 23% urban 21% inter-continental Source: PRIMES-TREMOVE and TREMOVE • Goal: limit climate change to 2° • EU objective: reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 80 to 95% by 2050 compared to 1990 levels Source: PRIMES, NTUA (E3MLab)

  11. Measures in Support of Clean Vehicles Supply side measures Regulation of pollutant emissions Reduction of pollutant emissions through EURO standards Regulation of CO2 emissions Cars: 130g/km by 2015; 95g/km by 2020 Light Duty Vehicles: 175 g/km by 2017 Renewable Energy Directive 10% share of motor fuels from renewable energy sources by 2020 Fuel Quality Directive Reduction of CO2 intensity of fuels by 6 % by 2020 Demand side measures Greening Transport Internalisation of external costs into vehicle operation (Eurovignette) Directive on the promotion of clean and energy efficient vehicles Inclusion of energy consumption, CO2, and pollutant emissions in the purchase decision Slide 11

  12. Clean Vehicle Directive Monetisation of Lifetime Costs Pollutants Pollutants CO2 CO2 Fuel Fuel Vehicle Price Vehicle Price Slide 12

  13. EU-Activities on Alternative Fuels Communication on alternative fuels (11/2001) Biofuels, natural gas, hydrogen Directive on the market share of biofuels (5/2003) Market share 2% in 2005, rising to 5.75% in 2010 Directive on the taxation of energy products (10/2003) Lower taxation of alternative fuels enabled Renewable Energy Directive (April 2009) Binding target: 10% renewable transport fuels by 2020 Technology Platforms, Joint Technology Initiatives Hydrogen/fuel cells (TP: 2004; JTI: 2008), Transport (2004), Biofuels (2005) Green Cars Initiative of European Economic Recovery Plan (2008) Focus on electromobility (EU demonstration project Green eMotion: 2011) Communication on clean and energy efficient vehicle strategy (4/2010) Focus on improvement of internal combustion engine and electric vehicles Slide 13

  14. EU-Support to Hydrogen and Fuel Cells (M€)

  15. Alternative Fuels Strategy Comprehensive long-term fuel strategy All transport modes, all segments to be covered White Paper on Transport - Initiative 24 - Technology roadmap: Sustainable alternative fuels strategy including also the appropriate infrastructure White Paper on Transport - Initiative 26 - Regulatory framework: Appropriate standards for CO2 emissions of vehicles in all modes Requirements on energy efficiency for all types of propulsion systems Rules on interoperability of charging infrastructure for clean vehicles Guidelines and standards for refuelling infrastructures

  16. Steps to an EU Alternative Fuels Strategy • European Expert Group on Future Transport Fuels Stakeholder experts Future Transport Fuels Report: 25 January 2011 Alternative Fuels Infrastructure Report: December 2011 • Joint Expert Group Transport & Environment National experts European Alternative Fuel Strategy Report: May 2011 • Conference on Future Transport Fuels 13 April 2011 (European Sustainable Energy Week) • Studies Clean Transport Systems study: final report November 2011 Implementation study: launch 10/2011 • Public Consultation 11 August – 20 October 2011

  17. Future Transport Fuels Report of the European Expert Group on Future Transport Fuels Future Transport Fuels Expert Group- Reports - http://ec.europa.eu/transport/urban/vehicles/road/clean_transport_systems_en.htm

  18. Energy Pathways

  19. Land Efficiency of Biofuels

  20. Land Efficiency of Biofuels 1 ha:

  21. Fuel Choice

  22. Alternative Transport Fuel Options Main fuel options: Electricity / hydrogen electromobility Biofuels (liquid) Bridge from fossil to biomass based fuels: Synthetic fuels (from coal, methane, biomass) Complementary: Methane (natural gas and biomethane) Supplement: LPG (now: from oil, natural gas; future: from biomass)

  23. Cost of Fuels Alternative fuels Infrastructure costs for full EU coverage Electricity 20 million charging posts 40 b€ Hydrogen 100.000 filling stations 50 b€ Methane 100.000 filling stations 40 b€ Oil price $/bl Speculative bubble 2007/8: Cost for EU transport: 90 b€ North-Africa unrest 2010/11: Cost for EU transport: 40 b€

  24. Summary EU Transport Policy: White Paper 2011 • Vision of a sustainable European transport system 2050 • Sectoral target of 60% CO2 reduction by 2050 • Ten goals for competitive and resource efficient transport • 40 initiatives with concrete actions in 4 areas Alternative Fuels Strategy • Comprehensive strategy for oil substitution in all transport • Package of fuels to cover all transport modes and segments • Electromobility (battery electric; grid; hydrogen) • Biofuels • Methane • LPG

  25. Contact Clean Transport and Sustainable Urban Mobility: http://ec.europa.eu/transport/urban/index_en.htm e-mail: franz-xaver.soeldner@ec.europa.eu

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