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Cities Grow & Change

Cities Grow & Change. Changes in American Life 1880-1914 Chapter 21, Section 1. Essential Questions. How did industrialization change life in the cities? What factors attributed to bad living conditions for the poor? How did political machines influence city life positively and negatively?

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Cities Grow & Change

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  1. Cities Grow & Change Changes in American Life 1880-1914 Chapter 21, Section 1

  2. Essential Questions • How did industrialization change life in the cities? • What factors attributed to bad living conditions for the poor? • How did political machines influence city life positively and negatively? • Who is responsible for helping those who can’t help themselves?

  3. Growth of American Cities • Industries Set Up Their Factories in Cities • Cities Offered Good Transportation & Plenty of Workers • Urbanization – The Growth of Cities

  4. Growth of the Cities • Millions of People Migrated (Moved) to American Cities • Millions of Immigrants Came for Jobs! • Many Struggling Farmers Moved to Cities for Jobs

  5. Technology Helps Cities to Grow • Skyscrapers: • Helped Millions of People to Live in Cites • Bessemer Steel Process Made it Cheaper to Make Steel (7x Cheaper!) • Steel Was Used to Build Skyscrapers! • Very Sturdy! (9/11) • Buildings Could Now Be Built Higher & Hold More People

  6. Technology Helps Cities to Grow • Laying on the Couch, Honk – Honk • Elevators (1889) Otis Elevator Company Created the 1st Elevator • All Buildings Used to be Built NO Higher Than 4 Floors • WTC Had 110 Floors

  7. Streetcars/Subways • Streetcars Improved Transportation in Cities: • People Use to Walk & Or Ride Horses/Wagons • How Long Would It Take to Walk From the East to the West Side of NYC? • Richmond, Virginia Was the 1st City Ever to Have Streetcars! • Chicago Built Subways Above Ground (The “EL”) & NYC Built Subways Underground

  8. Streetcars Expand Cities • Streetcars/Subways/ Trains Allowed for Cities to Expand • People Could Live Farther & Farther Away from Cities • Suburbs Emerged: • Valhalla • More People Commuted to the Cities for Work & Entertainment

  9. Tenements • Tenements Were Overcrowded Apartments (Run-Down) • Millions of People Moved into Cities to Find Jobs! • Workers Earned Less Than $10 a Week: • Not Enough $$$ to Pay For Rent! • Moved in with Other Families in Tenements!

  10. Dangerous Living Conditions! • Tenements Were Extremely Dangerous to Live In: • Old Buildings • Landlord Neglect • Poor Design • Little Government Control • Led to Poor Living Conditions!

  11. The “Dumbell” Tenement

  12. Poor Conditions of Tenements • Major Problems Living in Tenements: • Overcrowded (Families Shared Apartments) • No Garbage Pick Up • Dumped Garbage into Narrow Alleys • No Fresh Air • No Running Water • Sewage Flowed in Open Gutters (Spread Disease)

  13. Lewis Hine (Photographer) • Lewis Hine was a Photographer Who Took Pictures of Tenements • Why Did He Publish His Pictures in Newspapers?

  14. Slums • Neighborhoods Full of Tenements & Poverty • Most Notorious Slum was the Lower East Side of Manhattan • Irony Today?

  15. The Social Gospel Movement • A Movement For Improving the Lives of the Urban Poor • Started by Protestant Churches • 2 Major Goals: • End Child Labor • Open Up Settlement Houses for the Poor

  16. Settlement Houses • Settlement Houses Helped the Poor Improve Their Lives: • Provided Daycare • Allowed Parents to Work • Provided Education • Taught English Classes to Immigrants • Offered Health Care to the Poor • Most Famous Settlement House was the Hull House

  17. Jane Addams • Jane Addams is the Founder of the HULL HOUSE! • Dedicated Her Life to Helping the Poor • The Hull House is the Most Famous Settlement House • Founded in Chicago, 1889

  18. The Hull House

  19. Political Machines • Political Machines are Organizations (Usually Corrupt) that Influence Enough Votes to Control a Local Government • Exchanged Favors for Votes • Political Machine Role Play!

  20. Positives (+’s): Built City Parks Built Sewer Systems Built Schools Built Roads Built Orphanages Helped Immigrants Get Jobs Helped Immigrants Find Housing Negatives (-’s) Gained Votes by Trading for Favors Broke Rules to Win Elections Stole $$$ Accepted & Gave Bribes Political Machines (+/-’s)

  21. Tammany Hall • Most Notorious Political Machine of All Time! • You Must Know William Marcy “Boss” Tweed • Stole $$$ Millions of Dollars from NYC!

  22. Tammany Hall

  23. Jane Addams • Also Fought For Women’s Rights as Workers (Equal Pay) • Fought Against Child Labor • Worked to Improve Housing Laws & Public Health Laws • Was Awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1931

  24. Essential Questions • How did industrialization change life in the cities? • What factors attributed to bad living conditions for the poor? • How did political machines influence city life positively and negatively? • Who is responsible for helping those who can’t help themselves?

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