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NETWORK MODEL

NETWORK MODEL. Topics included…. NETWORK MODEL EXAMPLE OF CUSTOMER LOAN DATABASE NETWORK MODEL OF SAMPLE DATABASES OPERATIONS ON NETWORK MODEL ADVANTAGES OF NETWORK MODEL DISADVANTAGES OF NETWORK MODEL. Network Model.

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NETWORK MODEL

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  1. NETWORK MODEL

  2. Topics included…. NETWORK MODEL EXAMPLE OF CUSTOMER LOAN DATABASE NETWORK MODEL OF SAMPLE DATABASES OPERATIONS ON NETWORK MODEL ADVANTAGES OF NETWORK MODEL DISADVANTAGES OF NETWORK MODEL

  3. Network Model The network model is a database model conceived as a flexible way of representing objects and their relationships. The Network model replaces the hierarchical tree with a graph thus allowing more general connections among the nodes. The main difference of the network model from the hierarchical model, is its ability to handle many to many (N:N) relations. In other words, it allows a record to have more than one parent. Suppose an employee works for two departments. The strict hierarchical arrangement is not possible here and the tree becomes a more generalized graph - a network.

  4. Network Model • The network model was evolved to specifically handle non-hierarchical relationships. As shown below data can belong to more than one parent. • A network structure thus allows 1:1 (one: one), l: M (one: many), M: M (many: many) relationships among entities. • In network database terminology, a relationship is a set. Each set is made up of at least two types of records: an owner record (equivalent to parent in the hierarchical model) and a member record (similar to the child record in the hierarchical model). . BACK

  5. Example of Customer Loan Dtabases • The database of Customer-Loan is represented for Network model. • It shows a database of Customer-Loan, here a customer can take multiple loans and there is also a provision of joint loan where more than one person can take a joint loan • In can easily depict that now the information about the joint loan L1 appears single time, but in case of hierarchical model it appears for two times. Thus, it reduces the redundancy and is better as compared to hierarchical model.

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  7. Network view of Sample Database • Considering again the sample supplier-part database. In addition to the part and supplier record types, a third record type is introduced which we will call as the connector. A connector occurrence specifies the association (shipment) between one supplier and one part. It contains data (quantity of the parts supplied) describing the association between supplier and part records. • All connector occurrences for a given supplier are placed on a chain .The chain starts from a supplier and finally returns to the supplier. Similarly, all connector occurrences for a given part are placed on a chain starting from the part and finally returning to the same part.

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  9. Operations on Network Model Detailed description of all basic operations in Network Model is as under: • Insert Operation: To insert a new record containing the details of a new supplier, we simply create a new record occurrence. Initially, there will be no connector. The new supplier's chain will simply consist of a single pointer starting from the supplier to itself. • For example, supplier S4 can be inserted in network model that does not supply any part as a new record occurrence with a single pointer from S4 to itself. This is not possible in case of hierarchical model. Similarly a new part can be inserted who does not supplied by any supplier.

  10. Cont…. • Update Operation: Unlike hierarchical model, where updation was carried out by search and had many inconsistency problems, in a network model updating a record is a much easier process. We can change the city of S I from Qadian to Jalandhar without search or inconsistency problems because the city for S1 appears at just one place in the network model. Similarly, same operation is performed to change the any attribute of part.

  11. Cont…. • Delete operation: If we wish to delete the information of any part say PI, then that record occurrence can be deleted by removing the corresponding pointers and connectors, without affecting the supplier who supplies that part i.e. P1, the model is modified as shown. Similarly, same operation is performed to delete the information of supplier.

  12. Cont… in order to delete the shipment information, the connector for that shipment and itscorresponding pointers are removed without affecting supplier and part information.

  13. Cont… • Retrieval Operation: Record retrieval methods for network model are symmetric but complex. • Conclusion: We can conclude that network model does not suffers from the Insert anomalies, Update anomalies and Deletion anomalies, also the retrieve operation is symmetric, as compared to hierarchical model, but the main disadvantage is the complexity of the model. Since, each above operation involves the modification of pointers, which makes whole model complicated and complex. BACK

  14. Advantages of Network Model The main advantages of the network model are: • Conceptual simplicity • Capability to handle more relationship types • Ease of data access • Data Integrity • Data independence • Database Standards BACK

  15. Disadvantages of Network Model Even though the network database model was significantly better than the hierarchical database model, it also had many drawbacks. Some of them are: • System complexity • Operational Anomalies • Absence of structural independence BACK

  16. Thank You

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