The Animals

1. The Animals Pages 97-107

2. Animals are motile, have incredible sensory ability and complex behaviours. • All animals are multicellular, heterotrophic, with eukaryotic cells that do not contain cell walls or chloroplasts. Animals use oxygen for cellular respiration. Embryo development includes germ layers that differentiate into different organ systems.

3. 3. Animals range in complexity from the simplest, in the phylum Porifera, to the most complex, in the phylum Chordata. 4. Among animals, only members of the phylum Poriferaare stationary, or sessile, as adults and lack nerve cells

5. 6. • The middle layer…mesoderm • Body cavity that contains the internal organs…coelum • Cell in the developing embryo that give rise to specialized tissues…germ layer • The inner layer…endoderm • The outer layr…ectoderm

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7. 8. The Porifera include about 8000 species of sponges. The Porifera have no symmetry. The Cnidaria include about 9000 species of hydras, anemones, jellyfish and coral animals. Cnidaria have radial symmetry. 9. During protosome development, the mouth develops before the anus. 10. Protosomes have bilateral symmetry.

11. 13. Echinoderms are bilateral symmetrical as larvae but radially symmetrical as adults. They typically have tube feet controlled by a water-filled hydraulic system.

12. Chordates have: • A digestive tract with a mouth and anus • A dorsal hollow nerve cord and a notochord (vertebrae) • Segmented body wall muscles

13. 15. A chordate is a vertebrate if it has a dorsal nerve cord with a spinal column and cranium (skull) with separate segments called vertebrae.

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15. 17. • Polar bears are threatened by climate change • Frogs and salamanders are threatened by pollution • Swift foxes are threatened by habitat loss