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A Turbulent Decade 1919-1929

A Turbulent Decade 1919-1929. What Do These Words Have in Common?. What you need to know…. Discuss some of the economic outcomes of demobilization (leaving the war). List the main causes of the 1919 strikes and how did people react to the strikes? Explain the public hysteria of the Red Scare.

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A Turbulent Decade 1919-1929

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  1. A Turbulent Decade1919-1929 What Do These Words Have in Common?

  2. What you need to know… • Discuss some of the economic outcomes of demobilization (leaving the war). • List the main causes of the 1919 strikes and how did people react to the strikes? • Explain the public hysteria of the Red Scare. • Explain why the Sacco & Vanzetti trial caught public interest.

  3. #1 Economic outcomes of demobilization. • Demobilization = transition from wartime to peacetime • Caused: • Unemployment  • Wages  • Shortages left prices  • Farm prices 

  4. #2Main Causes of Strikes • Demanded higher wages, shorter hours and better working conditions. #2 Americans reacted??? • Public opinion firmly against strikes • Say they were Russian Bolsheviks • Strike = weapon of revolution • “Agents of Lenin” • Steel strike: jailed, beaten & shot

  5. #3Red Scare • Fear of a Bolshevik revolution in U.S. made people crazy!! • What were they scared of ????? • Change – fear of communism • Many people believed that all radicals wanted to overthrow the U.S. government. “Reds” – were everywhere Immigrants hit worse

  6. #4Public interest in Sacco & Vanzetti • Hostility toward foreigners & radicals persisted. • Sacco & Vanzetti • Anarchists • Charged with murders during a robbery • Had an unfair trial Showed a division in America Labor leaders & radical socials = supported them Many people frightened by Red Scare = opposed them

  7. Communism vs. Capitalism • Communism: • A form of socialism that abolishes private ownership • Favors collectivism in a classless society • Capitalism • A system in which wealth, and the means of producing wealth, are privately owned

  8. The Republicans in Power Election of 1920 Warren G. Harding vs. James Cox Harding ran a campaign to return to “normalcy.” He won by an earthquake!

  9. What you need to know… • How Republican policies encouraged economic growth. • Positive & Negative effects of Harding’s pro-business policies • Why Equal Rights Amendment failed • Explain how Republican Party overcame the political scandals of the Harding administration. • Issues that affected the outcome of the 1928 presidential election.

  10. #1Economic Growth • Fordney-McCumber Tariff Act • Pushed tariff rates to an all time high • Enabled business to keep prices high & increase profits • Eliminated taxes on wealthy • Wealthy have more $$ to invest  Economic growth

  11. #2 How Pro-business policies affect Economy • Tax cuts = mergers (combine 2 or more companies) • Business profits  60% / Workers profits  10% • Farmers suffered • Some industry faced pay cuts & unemployment • Organized labor suffered • American Plan: union-free • “Yellow-dog contracts” prevented workers from joining a union

  12. Women’s Rights Grew - • Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Susan B. Anthony & Lucretia Mott • Troubled by Women’s status in American society. • Vote • Second-class citizens • Less education (Higher Ed) • Few professions • Lower wages • Married Women • Property • Wages • Divorce – kids? • 1920 – Women gained suffrage

  13. #3Equal Rights Amendment Fail??? • Feminists – women’s rights activists • Divisions in Women’s Rights Movement For: Limiting work hours for women encouraged business to hire women Against: Legislation protecting women might be unconstitutional Many women divided & felt it was not their place to vote. “Men & women shall have equal rights throughout the United States and every place subject to its jurisdiction.”

  14. #4Republican party overcame Harding’s scandals • After Harding’s quick death, VP Coolidge took over and fired many in Harding’s administration. • Coolidge continued a pro-business • Reduced taxes on wealthy

  15. #5 1928 Election Outcome • Coolidge didn’t run!!! • Republican Herbert Hoover vs. Democrat Alfred E. Smith • Hoover • Reputation skill and efficiency • He was a republican  the country was doing well = he was good • Smith • A Progressive • Opposed prohibition • Supported by urban Immigrants • Catholic, people were afraid that a Catholic would be run by the Pope

  16. A Nation Divided

  17. What you need to know… • Explain why many supported the Ku Klux Klan and what led to a decline in that support • Actions the African Americans took to combat violence & discrimination • Reason that Americans demanded immigration restrictions • Explain the increase in Mexican immigration in 1920’s • Actions that Native Americans took to protect their land

  18. #1 Americans that supported KKK • African American population more than doubled in 20 years • Caused racial tension in the North • KKK rebirth and moved north • Red Scare  membership growing • Targeted, African Americans, Catholics, immigrants, Jewish people & anyone suspected as a radical #1 Decline of KKK • Decrease in Red Scare hysteria • Terriorism & Violence turned people away • Klan corruption & scandals

  19. #2 African Americans Defend their Rights • NAACP : National Association for the Advancement of Colored People • Pressured law enforcement to investigate violence • Published lynching atrocities • Unionization • Fight discrimination in the workplace • Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters • Nationalism • Pan-Africanism Movement • Establish black owned businesses

  20. #3Immigration Restrictions • Many Americans feared that the country was being overrun by immigrants Strange – Why??? • Belief that immigrants had radical views • Belief that immigrants were taking jobs from native-born Americans

  21. #4Mexican Migration • Mexico had scarce jobs, widespread poverty and political upheaval from a revolution • Migration • Movement to northern cities for well-paying factory jobs • Southwest movement created a steady flow of workers to fill low-wage jobs

  22. #5 Native American Life • Dawes Act • Divided tribal land into individual plots • “Americanize” Native Americans • Bursum Bill • Tried to legalize non-Indian persons to claim Pueblo land • Did not pass • 1924: Congress granted citizenship

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