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SAB MEETING

SAB MEETING. Introduction to the CoE in LOW TEMPERATURE QUANTUM PHENOMENA AND DEVICES by Professor Mikko Paalanen. WELCOME. OBSERVERS Science Advisor Anna Kalliomäki , Academy of Finland Professor Timo Jääskeläinen , Academy of Finland and Joensuu University

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SAB MEETING

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  1. SAB MEETING Introduction to the CoE in LOW TEMPERATURE QUANTUM PHENOMENA AND DEVICES by Professor Mikko Paalanen SAB MEETING

  2. WELCOME • OBSERVERS • Science Advisor Anna Kalliomäki, Academy of Finland • Professor Timo Jääskeläinen, Academy of Finland and Joensuu University • Vice Rector Outi Krause, TKK • Research Director Aarne Oja, VTT MEMBERS OF SCIENTIFIC ADVISORY BOARD • Professor Mats Jonson, Chalmers Univ. of Technology and Göteborg Univ. • Professor John Saunders, University of London, Royal Holloway, London • SENIOR COHOSTS • Professor Pertti Hakonen (TKK, LTL, NANO GROUP) • Professor Jukka Pekola (TKK, LTL, PICO) • Research Professor Heikki Seppä (VTT, QUANTRONICS) • Dr. Antti Manninen (Mikes) • Docent Tero Heikkilä (TKK, LTL, THEORY) • Professor Nikolai Kopnin (TKK, LTL, THEORY) • Professor Grigory Volovik (TKK, LTL, THEORY) • Professor Matti Krusius (TKK, LTL, ROTA) • Dr. Harry Alles (TKK, LTL, INTERFACE) • Docent Juha Tuoriniemi (TKK, LTL, YKI) SAB MEETING

  3. OUTLINE • MISSION OF THE SAB • MISSION AND STRUCTURE OF THE CoE • FACILITIES • PERSONNEL • FUNDING • ACHIEVEMENTS • CHALLENGES FOR 2007- • ROAD MAP TO EXCELLENCE SAB MEETING

  4. MISSION OF THE SAB • EVALUATION OF THE RESEARCH PROGRAM • 2006, 2008, 2009 and 2011 • ADVICE AND SUPPORT TO THE CoE • Help in formulating short and long term research strategies • REPORTS TO: • Academy of Finland • Helsinki University of Technology (TKK) • State Research Center (VTT) SAB MEETING

  5. MISSION OF THE CoE • TO EDUCATE PhD-LEVEL EXPERTS FOR SOCIETY • TO INVESTIGATE FUNDAMENTAL QUANTUM PHENOMENA • NATURAL SYSTEMS • ENGINEERED NORMAL AND SUPERCONDUCTING NANOSTRUCTURES • TO DEVELOPE APPLICATIONS OF QUANTUM DEVICES • NEW REFRIGERATION METHODS AND QUANTUM APPLICATORS • ULTRA SENSITIVE SENSORS AND AMPLIFIERS FOR INDUSTRY AND SCIENCE • TO CATCH INTERNATIONAL LEADERSHIP ON CHOSEN AREAS OF RESEARCH SAB MEETING

  6. HELSINKI UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY (TKK)STATE RESEARCH CENTRE (VTT) ACADEMY OF FINLAND (AF) Scientific Advisory Board (SAB) Steering Board (SB) LOW TEMPERATURE QUANTUM PHENOMENA and DEVICES Director Mikko Paalanen (TKK) Vice-Director Heikki Seppä (VTT) Six experimental research groups: ROTA, Professor Matti Krusius INTERFACE, Dr. Harry Alles YKI, Docent Juha Tuoriniemi NANO, Professor Pertti Hakonen PICO, Professor Jukka Pekola QUANTRONICS, Research Prof. Heikki Seppä Unique facilities: Three sub-mK, two 15-mK and six 50-mk cryostats Cryogenic liquifier facilities (330 m2) Machine shop (400 m2) On-the-premises semi-clean room (55 m2) Access to on-campus cleanroom (Micronova, 2600 m2) Experienced personnel: Scientific 40 FTE Secreterial 4 FTE Technical 4 FTE SAB MEETING

  7. CoE —STRATEGIC ALLIANCE OF TWO PARTNERS LOW TEMPERATURE LABORATORY (80%)Physics Research UnitHelsinki University of Technology (TKK) • Independent basic research laboratory • Total number of personnel 50 • Total annual budget about 2.0 Meuro • Research directions: • Ultra low temperature physics 40% 1965 - • Nanoelectronics 60% 1996 - TKK QUANTRONICS GROUP (20%) State Research Centre (VTT) VTT • Total number of personnel 9 • Total annual budget about 0.7 Meuro • Research directions: • Industrial sensors 1980- • Applied quantum electronics 1985 - • Mesoscopic physics 1995- INDUSTRY SAB MEETING

  8. QUANTUM METROLOGICAL TRIANGLE CoE —MIKES collaboration Dr. Antti Manninen, Mikes SAB MEETING

  9. #3 LTL Present location #9 LTL New location • #36 Micronova • PICO team • - QUANTRONICS team MIKES SAB MEETING

  10. CRYOHALL IN THE LTL Home of ROTA, INTERFACE, YKI, NANO and PICO (50%) groups Home of EU-funded Large Scale Infrastructure ULTI 1994-2008 Total replacement value of experimental facility is 3.5 Meuro • Large concentration of unique cryostats: • Three sub-mK cryostats • Two 10-mK cryostats • Three 50-mK cryostats • Nearby: • Liquifier facility 330 m2 • Machineshop 400 m2 • Semi-clean room 55 m2 SAB MEETING

  11. ON-THE-PREMISES SEMI-CLEAN ROOM Floor area 55 m2 Class 10 000 environment Operated by graduate students Freedom for risky innovations 90% of our nanoelectronics samples made here JEOL 6400 ebeam writer SAB MEETING

  12. MICRONOVACentre for Micro- and Nanotechnology Leading centre in micro- and nanotechnology in Finland Total replacement value 35 Meuro Jointly operated by VTT and TKK Home of QUANTRONICS and PICO (50%) groups Located on the campus some 400 m from the LTL Largest clean room (2 600 m2) in Nordic countries Modern offices for 300 scientist SAB MEETING

  13. PERSONNEL OF LTL 1996-2005 SAB MEETING

  14. FUNDING OF LTL LTL 55 k€/person-year VTT 85 k€/person-year Research work is cheap in Finland! SAB MEETING

  15. ACHIEVEMENTS IN 2005 - 2006 THERE ARE MANY YARDSTICKS: • Publications and their impact (Nature, Science, RMP, PRL, APL…) • Prizes, awards and honorary memberships • Graduate education (number of PhDs, graduation time and later employment) • Services for science community (chairmanships, evaluations, conferences..) • Societal impact (patents, spin-off companies..) • International funding (coordination of large EU-projects….) • ……… • How should we measure international leadership in science? - Should we use other yardsticks? - Leading indicators and lagging indicators? SAB MEETING

  16. ANNUAL NUMBER OF PRLs (IF = 7.5) Years Our CoE TKK Finland Bell Labs World 1986-90 14 19 43 497 8 916 1991-95 20 35 85 362 11 484 1996-00 25 61 152 178 14 670 2001-05 30 80 198 141 17 274 2006- 10 15 47 17 3 454 2006 # of PRLs % Our CoE 10 0.3 Finland 47 1.4 Sweden 80 2.3 United Kingdom 325 9.4 USA 1 572 45.0 WORLD 3 454 100.0 Our CoE produces about 20% of Finnish PRLs Information based on ISI Web of Science: http://isi3.isiknowledge.com/portal.cgi?DestApp=WOS&Func=Frame SAB MEETING

  17. JOURNAL IF CoE TKK FIN WORLDScience 30,9 0 1 8 4 968Rev. Mod. Phys. 30.3 2 2 2 58Nature 29.3 2 2 8 5 123 Nature Materials 15.9 1 1 2 460Physics Reports 10.5 0 0 3 100Mat Sci Eng R 10.5 0 1 1 23Total # IF>10 5 7 24 10 732Our CoE produces about 20% of the high-IF physics publications (IF > 10) in FinlandInformation based on ISI Web of Science: http://isi3.isiknowledge.com/portal.cgi?DestApp=WOS&Func=Frame PHYSICS PUBLICATIONS IN 2005 – 2006 IF > 10 SAB MEETING

  18. HIGHLIGHTS 2005-2006 • DISCOVERY OF SUPERCONDUCTIVITY OF LITHIUM METAL (YKI) • Still unpublished • NO SIGN OF SUPERSOLID IN 4HE CRYSTAL AT MC (INTERFACE) • Invited 30 min talk in APS March Meeting 2007 • INDUCED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY IN MWCNTs (NANO) • Invited 30 min talk in APS March Meeting 2007 • QUANTIZATION OF PHOTON HEATCONDUCTIVITY IN 1D SAMPLES (PICO) • Appeared in Nature today! • 26 PATENTS GRANTED • NANO 1, PICO 1 and QUANTRONICS 24 SAB MEETING

  19. INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCES, WORKSHOPS AND SCHOOLSorganized by our CoE Year NAME OF THE CONFERENCE Participants Proceedings 1996 ULTI User Meeting on Vortices, Interfaces and Mesoscopic Phenomena in Quantum Systems 100 Yes 1996 Workshop on Liquid/Solid Interfaces in Helium 33 No 1998 ULTI User Meeting on Quantum Phenomena at Low Temperatures 80 Yes 1999 LT22, 22nd International Conference on Low Temperature Physics 1381 Yes 2001 ULTI User Meeting on Ultra Low Energy Physics: Methods and Phenomenology 85 Yes 2001 Nordic Winterschool on Nanophysics (Kevo) 28 No 2002 Kevo Spring School on Low Temperature Physics 25 Yes 2003 Advanced European Cryogenic School 46 No 2004 ULTI User Meeting on Quantum Phenomena at Low Temperatures 87 Yes 2004 COSLAB Workshop on Turbulence and Vacuum Instability in Cond. Matter and Cosmology 39 No 2004 Nordic Springschool in Nanoelectronics (Kilpisjärvi) 40 No 2005 Martti M. Salomaa Memorial Symposium 50 No 2006 ULTI User Meeting on Low Temperature Physics 100 Yes 2006 Symposium celebrating the 60th birthday of Nikolai Kopnin and Grigory Volovik ??? No 2008 ULTI User Meeting ~ 100 Yes 2009 Advanced European Cryogengineering School ~50 No SAB MEETING

  20. SPIN-OFF COMPANIES • Two successful spin off companies from the LTL in 40 years • Elekta Neuromag Ltd, ~ 25 employees • Picowatt, 3 employees • Nanoway Ltd founded by Jukka Pekola in 1997 • Nanothermometers • Aivon Ltd will start in 2007 (Quantronics team) • Device application of superconducting electronics SAB MEETING

  21. CHALLENGES AHEAD • Is the research plan innovative enough? • Do we have proper management, funding, equipment and support personnel to do what we have promised? • How should we monitor achievements? • How to improve the role and careers of young and female scientists in the CoE • How to improve our public image? • How to survive the move? • How to further improve our competitive edge? SAB MEETING

  22. ROAD MAP TO EXCELLENCE • Careful selection of projects • Small critical size of the effort, suitable for university environment • Maximum impact on world science • Readiness for risky experiments • Strong theory support for the experiments • Competitive edge reached by home built unique equipment • Best refrigerators  experiments at record low temperatures • Smallest microrefrigerators and nanothermometers  non-equilibrium physics • Lowest noise amplifiers  experiments at quantum limit • Proper attention to applications and patents • QUANTRONICS team from the VTT forms the bridge to industry SAB MEETING

  23. OPPONENTS OF RECENT PhDs 2000-2004 Roch Schanen Olivier Avenel (CEA, Paris) Tauno Knuuttila Yasumasa Takano (University of Florida, USA) Jaakko Ruohio Jeevak Parpia (Cornell University, USA) Jari Penttilä David Haviland (Royal Inst. Of Technology, Stockholm) Viktor Tsepelin Sebastien Balibar (ENS, Paris) Juha Kopu Vladimir Mineev (Joseph Fourier University, Grenoble) Rob Blaauwgeers Giorgio Frossati, DeBryan and Matti Krusius Risto Hänninen Dierk Rainer (University of Bayreuth, Germany) Leif Roschier Martin Wybourne (Darthmouth College, USA) Janne Viljas James Sauls (North Western University, USA) Juha Hassel John Clarke (Berkeley, USA) Antti Niskanen Gerd Schön (University of Karlsruhe, Germany) 2005-2006 Kirsi Juntunen Michael Steiner (Hahn Meitner Institute, Berlin) Mika Sillanpää Hans Mooij (Delft University of Technology) Reeta Tarkiainen Helene Bouchiat (University Paris-Sud, France) Jani Kivioja Herve Curtois (CNRS, Grenoble) Antti Finne Joe Vinen (University of Birmingham, UK) Rene Lindell Frank Hekking (Joseph Fourier Univ. & CNRS, Grenoble) SAB MEETING

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