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“Structure” and “Function” Six P sychological Perspectives

“Structure” and “Function” Six P sychological Perspectives. Learning Plan 2. Competancy . Outline the history of structuralism, functionalism and psychoanalysis

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“Structure” and “Function” Six P sychological Perspectives

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  1. “Structure” and “Function” Six Psychological Perspectives Learning Plan 2

  2. Competancy • Outline the history of structuralism, functionalism and psychoanalysis • Summarize the following six psychological perspectives: psychoanalytic, behavioral, humanistic, cognitive, biopsychological, and sociocultural • Compare and contrast the six perspectives

  3. Overview • Intro/Imagine Activity • Greek philosopher images • Psychology taken from ancient Greek • “Study of the mind” • Psyche= mind/soul • Logos (ology)= study of

  4. Ancient Greeks • Credited with origins of science in Western Civilization • Classical period (500 BCE) peak of Greek culture • World’s first democratic government • Great minds of Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle

  5. Structuralism • Wilhelm Wundt • Edward B. Titchner • Constitutional Parts • Fundamental structures of the mind • Only normal adult mind • Weaknesses- excluded aspects that do not fit • Does not address psychopathology • Behavior should not be a part of psychology • Brought experimental psychology to US • Core Context of Meaning Theory

  6. Functionalism • William James • Physiological perspective based on experimentation • Founded first psychology lab in US • Emotions, behavior, and consciousness are physiology phenomena • Individual differences/unique perspectives • Mind/body one interacting entity • Taught first psychology course in US

  7. Psychoanalytical Perspective • Philosophy vs. science until turn of 19th century • Sigmund Freud • Psychoanalytic- id, ego, superego, unconscious mind, past creates the present, address unconscious to solve problems, dreams “royal road to the unconscious” • Psychosexual stages of development • oral stage (approx. birth to 19 months) • anal stage (approx. 18 months to 4 yrs) • phallic stage (approx. 4 to 7 yrs) • latent stage (approx. 7 yrs to puberty) • genital stage (puberty)

  8. Psychoanalytic Continued • Carl Jung • Collective unconscious, déjà vu, near-death experiences • Influences on are and other therapies • Alfred Adler • More hopeful, focus on family influence, social reform, individual psychology, social and holistic psychology, birth order • Erik Erikson • 8 Stages of Man- psychosocial and full lifespan • Karen Horney • Theory of neurosis, coping strategies- compliance, aggression, and withdrawal

  9. Behavioral Perspective • Ivan Pavlov • Classical Conditioning--- Bells and Dogs • John Watson • Explain behavior without inner consciousness and nonphysical . Focus purely on observable behaviors. • Broken into stimulus and response • Focus on experimentation • Free will is an illusion- process of reinforcement • Operant conditioning- rewards and punishment

  10. Biopsychological Perspective • Physiological causes of behavior, feelings, and mental processes • How biology of electrical impulses and chemicals effect human development, learning, performance, perceptions, and emotions • Adolf Meyer • How mind and body affects each other

  11. Cognitive Perspective • Term coined in 1967- Ulric Neisser • Focus on scientific method in the collection of information • Studies consciousness, learning, and memory • Acknowledges internal states- desire and motivation • Computer age

  12. Humanistic Perspective • 1950s- response to behaviorism and psychoanalysis • Third Force • Existential theory base • Have free will • Positive perspective • Abraham Maslow, Carl Rogers, Rollo May • European existential philosophy influence • Phenomenology/client-centered therapy • Qualitative not quantitative • Actualizing tendency- feelings of incongruity

  13. Sociocultural Perspective • Most recent • Social norms, rules, and roles • Cultural rules and values • Explore interactions with the surroundings • Shame in children • Shame in children • Theorists Alfred Bandura and L. Vygostky

  14. Suggested Reading • http://psych.athabascau.ca/html/aupr/social.shtml • http://tip.psychology.org/vygotsky.html • http://www.psych.ualberta.ca/research/scp.php • http://www.womyn-ctr.co.nz/eating-disorders-palmer.htmhttp://www.womyn-ctr.co.nz/eating-disorders-palmer.htm

  15. Homework • History of Psychology Timeline- Due October 18th • Readings:Lesson Plan 3 and supplemental readings • Readings:Lesson Plan 4 and supplemental readings • Assignments: Discussion 3.1 or Discussion 4.1

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