WELCOME! LOOK AT OUR BW FOR TUESDAY:

1. WELCOME! LOOK AT OUR BW FOR TUESDAY: • What’s a “fluff” word? • [2 min] Take your best guess and then share with table • [4 min] Go back to your flash draft and find the “fluff” words in your writing. Underline/identify these words in some way. • [2 min] Use stronger adjectives handout to guide you to find words that could be replaced. Place the handout in your writing resources section of your binder.

2. Welcome to the Wonderful World of Modern Language Association (MLA) Citation THIS LESSON WILL HELP PREVENT YOU FROM EVER BEING ACCUSED OF PLAGIARISM AT THE HIGH SCHOOL, COLLEGE, AND PROFESSIONAL LEVEL!

3. MLA • MLA is a citation guide that offers a convenient system for acknowledging and directing readers to your sources for ideas, information, and quotations. It consists of both in-text citation and a list of works cited.

4. MLA • There are 2 other types of citation guides- APA and Chicago/Turabian. • Different subjects and fields call for different citation methods. APA is generally used in science fields such as Biology and Psychology. Chicago/Turabian is used in the History department. • We will use MLA because it is the main guide for all essay and literature classes and that of the Humanities.

5. REQUIRED SOURCES • For this paper you are required to have: • 1 book source • 2 reliable online sources • 1 database source (a database is an collection of works used for research as they are reviewed by qualified academics for accuracy and reliability)

6. CITING A BOOK • Basic Format: The author’s name or a book with a single author's name appears in last name, first name format. The basic form for a book citation is: Last name, First name. Title of Book. City of Publication: Publisher, Year of Publication. Medium of Publication. • Book with One Author Gleick, James. Chaos: Making a New Science. New York: Penguin, 1987. Print. Henley, Patricia. The Hummingbird House. Denver: MacMurray, 1999. Print. • Book with More Than One Author: The first given name appears in last name, first name format; subsequent author names appear in first name last name format. Gillespie, Paula, and Neal Lerner. The Allyn and Bacon Guide to Peer Tutoring. Boston: Allyn, 2000. Print.

7. ELECTRONIC SOURCES • Citing an Entire Web Site: Editor, author, or compiler name (if available). Name of Site. Version number. Name of institution/organization affiliated with the site (sponsor or publisher), date of resource creation (if available). Medium of publication. Date of access. (Remember to use n.p. if no publisher name is available and n.d. if no publishing date is given.) The Purdue OWL Family of Sites. The Writing Lab and OWL at Purdue and Purdue U, 2008. Web. 23 Apr. 2008. Felluga, Dino. Guide to Literary and Critical Theory. Purdue U, 28 Nov. 2003. Web. 10 May 2006.

8. ELECTRONIC SOURCES CONTD..A PAGE ON A WEBSITE • A Page on a Web Site: For an individual page on a Web site, list the author or alias if known, followed by the information covered above for entire Web sites. ( Remember to use n.p. if no publisher name is available and n.d. if no publishing date is given.) "How to Make Vegetarian Chili." eHow. Demand Media, n.d. Web. 24 Feb. 2009.

9. Online Database • An Article from an Online Database (or Other Electronic Subscription Service): Cite articles from online databases (e.g. LexisNexis, ProQuest, JSTOR, ScienceDirect) and other subscription services just as you would print sources. Junge, Wolfgang, and Nathan Nelson. “Nature's Rotary Electromotors.” Science 29 Apr. 2005: 642-44. Science Online. Web. 5 Mar. 2009. Langhamer, Claire. “Love and Courtship in Mid-Twentieth-Century England.” Historical Journal 50.1 (2007): 173-96. ProQuest. Web. 27 May 2009.

10. In-Text Citations

11. In-text/Parenthetical Citations What are they? Why do we use them? So we give credit to the people who came up with the ideas we incorporate in our arguments. • An in-text or parenthetical citation is a note made within a body of work that provides exact details from an outside source. • In-text citations have a corresponding entry in the works cited page.

12. CONTD… • Effective use of quotations requires that you include them in your paper in a way that helps the reader understand the relevance of the quoted material to your own argument. • In other words: Why are you using this quote? The in-text citation should provide context for the reader. • You should never drop a quotation into your paper unannounced and apparently unrelated to the ideas around it.

13. HOW? • The quotation must always be embedded into one of your own sentences using a signal phrase. • Use a signal phrase to introduce the quote • It gives background and context • It helps your writing flow as opposed to an abrupt introduction to an outside source • It gives credit to the author/source of the quote • State the quote • Then, explain why this quote is relevant to your claim.

14. AUTHORS NAME IN DISCUSSION • Authors name in discussion • Pain claims that he can be located in his vehicle: “I will be in the gray Cadillac” (46). The fact that Pain made it a point to say he is in the vehicle shows… • Notice the punctuation/ page number • The three parts of necessary for embedding the quote • Use a signal phrase when you’re referring to someone important or famous such as John F. Kennedy, T-Pain, etc…

15. DIFFERENCE BETWEEN COMPLETE/INCOMPLETE CITATION Without Signal Phrase With Signal Phrase Pain claims that he can be located in his vehicle: “I will be in the gray Cadillac” (46). The fact that Pain made it a point to say he is in the vehicle shows… • “Most states do not keep adequate records regarding the number of times cell phones are a factor in accidents” (Sundeen 2). • How do we know why the writer is including this?

16. ONE AUTHOR • Provide the author’s last name in parentheses, or integrate either the full or last name alone into the discussion… • According to Mike Hart, “Come this Saturday, the coaches will be ready to coach and the seniors will be ready to play” (32). Hart speaks with conviction which helps boost the morale of the team. OR • According to the author of the article Seniors, “Come this Saturday, the coaches will be ready to coach the seniors will be ready to play” (Hart 32). Hart speaks with conviction which helps boost the morale of the team.

17. TWO OR THREE AUTHORS • If the names are used in the signal phrase, it would sound like this: • According to Gabe and Rogers, “New York City remains to be one of America’s greatest tourist attractions” (287). Hence, New York is the best vacation destination for site seers. OR • The authors of New York’s Main Attractions state, “New York City remains to be one of America’s greatest tourist attractions” (Gabe and Rogers 287). Hence, New York is the best vacation destination for site seers

18. Within parentheses, name the first author and add et al after. (which means “and others”). The article states, “More funding would encourage the school board to hire more teachers” (Adams et al. 76). As a result, we often see that schools with more funding benefit more. Within your discussion, use a phrase like “Adams and his colleagues suggest…” “Adams and his colleagues suggest more funding would encourage the school board to hire more teachers” (76). As a result, we often see that schools with more funding benefit more. MORE THAN THREE AUTHORS

19. NO AUTHOR GIVEN • When no author is named, use the title instead. You may shorten the title using only the first word if necessary. • This idea is further illuminated in the poem Beowulf, “Care not for pride, / great champion! The glory of your might / is but a little while” (23). Again we see pride is not an admirable character trait in this time period, providing evidence for the notion that… • Why do you think there are “/” in this quote?

20. ELECTRONIC SOURCE • Offspringmag.org summarizes the current adolescent population as the new generation, “We see a change in the demographics of the current population; our new generation consists predominantly of adolescents” (Keystone 2). Consequently, popular trends are set by these emerging teens. • After identifying the author or title, add page numbers for the page or section. If there are not any pages or sections, you do not have to add anything.

21. FINALE The end! You will now practice your new skills… For extra help go to… http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/557/01/ Or just Google- MLA citation guide!

22. PRACTICE • Partner Work: table partners work together—you will turn in your practice sheet. • 1. First, find an online source for information on tornadoes. • 2. Write a citation as if you were using this source. • 3. Second, grab a book from the middle of your table. • 4. Write a citation as if you were using this source.