A presentation to the staff of Yale University Libraries, 5 December 2003 Lorcan Dempsey OCLC

1. 13 ways of saying something ordinary in New Haven:some notes about libraries in a changing environment A presentation to the staff of Yale University Libraries, 5 December 2003 Lorcan DempseyOCLC

2. Overview • Some trends (1-7) • It’s research and learning, stupid .. (8) • It’s the library, stupid … (9-13)

4. Books Journals Newspapers Gov. docs CD, DVD Maps Scores Freely-accessible web resources Open source software Newsgroup archives • Research and learning materials • ePrints/tech reports • Learning objects • Courseware • E-portfolios • Research data Special collections Rare books Local/Historical newspapers Local history materials Archives & Manuscripts, Theses & dissertations 1. Collections grid stewardship high low low uniqueness high

5. 2. Research and learning Universities will provide open access to their digital assets, including elevation of these assets into global access platforms; develop digital asset holdings in line with their strategic interests; and foster and sponsor national and global communities that will be built around education, research, and research training. Robin Stanton, Australian National UniversityIn: Emerging visions for access in the Twenty-first Century library. Washington: CLIR, 2003. http://www.clir.org/pubs/abstract/pub119abst.html

6. Jim Gray, various presentations, http://research.microsoft.com/~gray/

7. science Science projects are data publishers. The scale and complexity of current and future science data changes the nature of the publication process. Publication is becoming a major project component. At a minimum, a project must preserve the ephemeral data it gathers. Jim Gray (Microsoft research), et alOnline Scientific Data Curation, Publication, and Archiving http://research.microsoft.com/research/pubs/view.aspx?msr_tr_id=MSR-TR-2002-74

8. http://skyserver.pha.jhu.edu/DR1/en/

9. http://www.lib.washington.edu/digitalscholar/projects.html

10. the humanities “The digital scholarship initiative* will bring (or at least help to bring) focus to an emerging need and opportunity to many scholars on campus who have been struggling individually with attempting to articulate and elucidate this area of study. Both the opportunity and challenges are enormous for making significant contributions in scholarship previously impossible without digital technology.” Quoted in Ogburn, JoyceSPARC Forum – Scholarly CommunicationAdvocacy on Campus ALA Annual Meeting Toronto 2003 June 21, 2003 *New models of academic support. An initiative of the University of Washington Libraries supported by the Andrew W Mellon Foundation

11. Increase in number of courses which use course management systems 2000 2002 Change Carnegie Mellon University* 150 567 378% Denison University* 25 150 600% learning materials, courseware • Digital assets • ‘Learning objects’ • Content packages • E-portfolio • Courses [i] * Information Technology and Libraries, June 2003 (p. 80). * personal communication, Scott Siddal

12. oclc taskforce on elearning • Diffusion of information skills and use through the learning process • Life cycle management of learning materials • Systems interaction between library and learning management systems Picture courtesy Dan Rehak, Carnegie Mellon University

13. Institutional repository Our institutions of higher education have overlooked an opportunity to support our most innovative and creative faculty for at least a decade now, to the detriment of both the faculty members and the institutions themselves. Cliff Lynch, http://www.arl.org/newsltr/226/ir.html And yet … • First steps … • Mission … • Long term costs …

14. what is institutional interest in institutional asset management? • Reputation management • Curatorial responsibility to the ‘intellectual record’ • Enrich the discourse of scholarly communication • Surface rich resources • New opportunities for access, analysis, re-use

15. 3. The web • What to expose? • Selectively harvest and persistently manage scholarly resources?

17. 4. Bought materials • Cost and effectiveness of managing a redundant, distributed print collection • Depositories – nascent national infrastructure? • Collection analysis and management • Space • Growing divide between • mass market (see music) and • scholarly materials (evolving forms)?

19. 5. Licensed materials • Homogeneous collections • Gated environments • Cost • Licenses (what is publishing?) • Serials crisis <> Optimal diffusion and impact?

20. 6. Reclaiming the special • Mainstreaming ‘special’ as primary research materials • Special? • Primary materials • Costly to process and manage • Unique/rare • Special collections of the future

21. Industrialized 7. Above and below the line • Cottage • Standards/best practice • Emerging • Out of the box • Open source/homegrown • Learning curve • Routine • Operational • Soft money • Gated • Open reusable • Multiple copies • Unique • Local physical/access digital • Digital content management • preservation • preservation

22. Mission StatementThe Yale University Library, as one of the world's leading research libraries, collects, organizes, preserves, and provides access to and services for a rich and unique record of human thought and creativity. It fosters intellectual growth and supports the teaching and research missions of Yale University and scholarly communities worldwide. It’s research and learning stupid … Focus on ends … What drives change? 8. Mission, value and change

23. Resource allocation Stefan Collini, London Review of Books • But universities are a problem for governments, and they are an especial problem for populist governments in market democracies. The only two forms of justification that such governments can assume will be accepted by their electorates are, first, the benefits of 'research', especially the medical, technological and economic benefits; and, second, manpower planning, the training of future employees in a particular economy. • A third function, the preservation, cultivation and transmission of a cultural tradition, cuts some ice if it is understood to be confined to a small number of outstanding institutions, somewhat analogous to the case for national galleries and museums. • A fourth justification, one that has had considerable purchase in the United States and, in a different idiom, in France, concerns socialisation in civic values, but has never played very well in Britain, where the implicit nature of the political and social ideals allegedly governing our lives have not, to most people, seemed to need explicit formulation and inculcation.

24. Resource allocation • NSF has requested $5,481 M for 2004 • NEH has requested $152 M for 2004 • Support? • Special collections • Institutional repositories • Learning materials

25. 9. It’s the library, stupid … • The ‘digital library’ is the library • The library has a responsibility to the scholarly record in its historical continuity and media diversity. • And yet … • The ‘digital library’ is not a library • Lacks: • Systemic perspective • Shared understanding manifest in common architectural principles • Displays: • Ad hoc development • Service stovepipes

26. Consolidated access to licensed materials:automating the discovery to delivery chain Access to licensed resources Z39.50 Industry driven? Framework for digital collections Digital content management Harvesting Community driven? 10. Digital library developments …

27. 11. Components • Repositories • Life cycle management of materials • Metadata, content and service models • Preservation as integral part of responsible data curation • Creating the persistent stuff of scholarship – ‘excitable’ • Services • Search/request/deliver • Recommend/analyze/compare • Create/edit/annotate/manipulate/combine

28. Components • Portal/presentation • Orchestrate services • Workflow integration • Multiple workflows – multiple presentations • Unplug and play – architectural perspective • Environment of use • Creation, curation, use • Aggregate, manipulate,

31. Application architecture Directory: user profile Directory: service description Directory: ILL policy Authentication Common services Directory: local knowledge base Reference db OpenURL resolver Circ/ILL system Article db Request broker Query broker Repositories Services The User Presentation

32. 13. Moving forward • Locally responsive • Architecture and service development a community activity • Which community? • Pool uncertainty • Create shared view • Share development and service • Federated services • Need to take a much more instrumental view of available organizations

33. So .. • Responsibility to the scholarly record involves complex balance of external and internal, common and unique, commodity and special. • Support for research and learning creates value. This is measured in terms of political support. • Securing future services requires a systemic approach to library service design and development. Needs to be driven in concert.