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Genetic Improvement Of Castor In the Western Hemisphere

Genetic Improvement Of Castor In the Western Hemisphere. Dick Auld – TTU/ TX AgriLife Research Steve Oswalt – Texas Tech University Travis Miller – Texas AgriLife Extension Carlos Demant – UNESP/ TTU Mauricio Zanotto – UNESP (Brazil) Liv Severino – EMBRAPA (Brazil)

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Genetic Improvement Of Castor In the Western Hemisphere

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  1. Genetic Improvement Of Castor In the Western Hemisphere Dick Auld – TTU/ TX AgriLife Research Steve Oswalt – Texas Tech University Travis Miller – Texas AgriLife Extension Carlos Demant – UNESP/ TTU Mauricio Zanotto – UNESP (Brazil) Liv Severino – EMBRAPA (Brazil) Alejandro Navas – CORPOICA (Columbia)

  2. Castor Genetic Improvement “The Rest of the U.S.A Team” Brian Baldwin – MSU Tom McKeon – USDA-ARS (Albany) Grace Chen – USDA-ARS (Albany) Calvin Trostle – Texas AgriLife Ext. Mike Foster – Texas AgriLife Research Tom Kilcer – Cornell Extension Alan Taylor – Cornell Geneva Ctr. Bill Crosby – Univ. of Windsor (Canada)

  3. Mamona (Portuguese) A Lady of Dubious Character And the Castor Plant “A Little Dangerous” “Slightly Hot Blooded” “Very Promiscuous”

  4. Mamona - Castor “A Little Dangerous” Ricin Toxin “Slightly Hot Blooded” World Wide in the Tropics “Very Promiscuous” Pollinates Over Five Miles

  5. Tracking pollen flow in Mississippi USA 99.8% of all pollen limited to 6-6.5m

  6. Castor Improvement for Biodiesel & Industrial Oil for All America * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *

  7. Castor - (Ricinuscommunis L.) Seed Yield: 1000 to 3,360 kg/ha Oil Content: 45 to 60% (500 to 1,800 l/ha) Fatty Acids: 85% ricinoleic acid Disadvantages: Ricin & Allergens Advantages: Highest Oil Yields of Any Temperately Adapted Oilseed Crop Plant

  8. Castor Future Castor Research Reduced Ricin Toxin Improved Water Use Genetic Yield Enhancement

  9. Conventional Genetics to Reduce Ricin Levels in Castor 2003 - Release TTU LRC Germplasm Crop Sci 43 : 746-747 2009 - Release of ‘Brigham’ Castor Hale = 4,210 ug/ml (38% Total Proteins) Brigham = 416 ug/ml (4% Total Proteins) 2012 – Future Castor Varieties McKeon = 40 ug/ml (0.4% Total Proteins)

  10. Three University Collaboration • Tissue culture • Elimination of ricin by genetic transformation • Elimination of the allergens • Leading to safe castor

  11. Dryland Castor Production in North East Brazil

  12. Hand Harvested

  13. Lack of Local Transportation

  14. Limited Mechanized Harvest

  15. Columbia, U.S., & Brazil Charter Members of the “Mamona Mafia”

  16. Excellent Drought Tolerance

  17. Salt Tolerance

  18. Hybrid Vigor

  19. Genetic Diversity

  20. Genetic Diversity

  21. Broad Adaptation

  22. North American Castor Production High Yielding & Adapted Varieties Drought & Salt Tolerant Varieties Mechanized Production & Harvesting Cost Effective & Sustainable Production

  23. Production of Castor on the Texas High Plains 1. Semi-dwarf Plant Varieties. • Apply Plant Growth Regulators. • Fully Mechanized Production. • Production on Marginal Land. “ Most Economical Source of Industrial Oil Feedstocks”

  24. Production Field of ‘Hale’ Castor Lubbock, Texas in 2008

  25. Production Field of ‘Hale’ Castor Memphis, Tennessee in 2006

  26. Combine Harvest of ‘Hale’ Castor Seed

  27. Castor Seed in Combine Prior to Cleaning Clean Seed Yield Exceeded 3,000 kg/ha

  28. Castor has a Promising Future

  29. Acknowledgement • Texas AgriLife Research and Extension and Texas Tech University • Ms. Marjorie Klayman Alnor Oil Company, Inc. • Dr. Travis Miller – Texas A&M • Dr. John B. Morris (USDA-ARS) Griffin, GA (Germplasm)

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