Imperialism

2. Imperialism Chapters 27 and 28

3. Imperialism- the seizure of a country or territory by a stronger country

4. Racism- the belief that one race is superior to another race

5. Cecil Rhodes, 1877 “I contend that we [Britons] are the first race in the world, and the more of the world we inhabit, the better it is for the human race…It is our duty to seize every opportunity of acquiring more territory and we should keep this one idea steadily before our eyes that more territory simply means more of the Anglo-Saxon race, more of the best, the most human, most honorable race the world possesses.”

6. Paternalism- policy in which you govern or provide people with their needs but give them no rights

7. Assimilation- policy or idea that in time, local populations would adopt the culture of the Imperial Country

8. Geopolitics- taking land for its strategic location or products

9. What advantages and disadvantages might colonizers bring? What does the photograph suggest about colonization?

10. Imperialism in Africa Chapter 27 Sections 1 and 2

11. Steam Engine

12. Maxim Gun, 1884

13. Malaria Vaccine

14. Berlin Conference (1884-1885) • 14 European Nations • Laid down the rules for the division of Africa • No African rulers or Nations were invited

15. Imperialism in Africa (1913)

17. Ethiopia • The only African Nation that successfully resisted Europeans • Led by Menelik II • He played the Italians, French, and British against one another • He built up a huge supply of modern weapons

18. Ethiopia-Battle of Adowa (1896) • Led by Menelik II • Ethiopians defeated the Italian Forces after they had claimed Ethiopia • Menelik continued to stockpile weapons to defend off other raiders

19. Imperialism in the Middle East Chapter 27 Section 3

20. Ottoman Empire (1699-1914) Geopolitics?

21. Hagia Sophia

22. Crimean War (1853) • Russia vs. Ottoman Empire • Great Britain and France aided the Ottoman Empire • Russians were defeated • However, war showed weakness of Ottomans

23. Egypt • Great Britain and France were both very interested in Egypt (Napoleon tried to take Egypt) • The Ottomans eventually took control under Muhammad Ali

24. Muhammad Ali (1831) • Broke away from Ottoman control • Recognized as the hereditary ruler of Egypt • Introduced a plantation cash crop---cotton • Brought Egypt into international market

25. Suez Canal • Built by Isma’il, Ali’s Grandson • Opened in 1869 • Egypt could not pay off debts of canal • Britain oversaw financial control and occupied Egypt by 1882

26. “Lifeline of the Empire” Why?

27. “Lifeline of the Empire” Connected the Red Sea to the Mediterranean Sea

28. The Great Game • Struggle between Great Britain and Russia over lands in Middle East • Waged initially over India • Afghanistan was the buffer between the Russian and Britain Empires

29. The Great Game • 1921, Great Britain formally agreed to not extend into Afghanistan • The Soviet Union signed a nonaggression pact with Afghanistan

30. 1979, Soviet Union invades Afghanistan

31. Soviet Soldiers

32. US support Mujahedeen

33. Soviet Troops leaving Afghanistan, 1988

34. Persian Empire (Iran) • Russia and Britain competed for Persia • Persian ruler granted concessions • Allowing British businesses to operate a certain area or develop a product---oil and tobacco • Russia and Britain would control Persia by 1907

35. India Imperialism: Positive? Or Imperialism: Negative? Read Pages 791-792 Also, Read “Letter Opposing the English”

36. United States Imperialism Chapter 27 Section 5 and Chapter 28 Section 1, 2, and mainly 3

37. United States (In Japan) • Matthew Perry sailed to Tokyo in 1853 • Demanded that Japan open up for trade • Treaty of Kanagawa • Opened up 2 ports for trade

38. United States (In China) • US had good trading relations with China • US afraid European Nations would divide up China • 1899 issued the Open Door Policy • Opened up China to merchants of all nations

39. United States • Monroe Doctrine, 1823 “the American continents…are henceforth not to be considered as subjects for future colonization by any European powers.”

40. Cuba • Cuba was one of Spain’s last colonies • Cuba unsuccessfully declared its independence from 1868-1878 • 1895, Jose Marti launched a second war of Cuban independence

41. Spanish-American War, 1898 • Cuban war for independence from Spain • US attacked the Philippines in the Pacific • War lasted 4 months • Spain moved out of Cuba

42. Cuba • 1901, Cuba became an independent nation • US installed a military government and continued to have a presence in Cuba • Cubans were upset by this…wanted true independence

43. United States • Took control of Spain’s colonies: Puerto Rico, Guam and the Philippines • US then turned its sights on Panama and Hawaii

44. Hawaii • Served as a port between United States and China/Japan • 1820’s sugar trade change Hawaii’s economics • By mid 1800’s American sugar plantations accounted for 75% of Hawaii’s wealth

45. McKinley Tariff Act • Passed in 1890 eliminated tariffs on all sugar entering US • Hawaii would no longer by cheapest producer • Cut into US sugar planters profits in Hawaii • Many pushed for US annexxation

46. Queen Liliuokalani • She came to power in 1893 • Pushed for more power at the expense of wealthy planters • American businessmen plotted to overthrow government • Removed her from power in 1893

47. Samford B. Doyle • A wealthy plantation owner and politician • Became the president of the new Republic of Hawaii • He asked the US to annex it • In 1898, the US annexed Hawaii

48. Panama • Panama was a province of Colombia • The US encouraged Panama to break away from Colombia • 1903, with the help of US Panama became independent

49. Panama Canal • In gratitude, Panama gave US a ten-mile-wide zone to build a canal • The Panama Canal opened in 1914 • Latin America became a crossroad of world trade

50. Panama Canal • Trip from New York to San Francisco is 9,000 miles shorter by using the canal