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Chapter 8 Life in the Industrial Age

Chapter 8 Life in the Industrial Age. Section I Advances in Technology. Electric Power. Prior to the late 1880’s water, coal, and steam produced power in the factories. 1831 English chemist Michael Faraday discovered the connection between magnetism and electricity

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Chapter 8 Life in the Industrial Age

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  1. Chapter 8Life in the Industrial Age Section I Advances in Technology

  2. Electric Power • Prior to the late 1880’s water, coal, and steam produced power in the factories. • 1831 English chemist Michael Faraday discovered the connection between magnetism and electricity • Discovery led to the dynamo: a machine that generated electricity by moving a magnet through a coil of copper wire

  3. Electric Power • 1860 British chemist Joseph Swan developed a primitive electric light bulb that gave off light by passing heat through a small strip of paper • Thomas Edison • 1879 developed the first usable and practical light bulb • Built worlds first central electric power plant in NYC

  4. Effects on Industry and Daily Life • Electric power improved industries in 3 ways • 1. Factories no longer had to rely on large steam engines to power machines • 2. factories did not have to depend on waterways to power steam engines • 3. factory production increased as factories became less dependent on sunlight • Daily life impacted • No loner use candles or oil lamps to light home during evening hours

  5. Advances in Transportation • Steam-powered trains • Boats on canals and rivers provided the best means for long distance travel in 1800’s • With the development of an efficient steam engine, trains began to replace boats • By 1830 the worlds first rail line linked the major cities of Manchester and Liverpool • By 1840 3000 miles of railroad tracks covered the east coast of the United States

  6. Advances in Transportation • Railway industry benefited from the improvements in the steel industry • Bessemer Process • Henry Bessemer and William Kelly in the late 1850’s forced air through molten metal to burn out carbon and other impurities that make metal brittle. • With improved steel, bridges were being built over difficult terrain that could not be traveled previously.

  7. By 1860 30,000 miles of tracks covered the United States. • 1861 India’s first track was in operation. • 1862 Egypt’s first • Construction on the worlds largest railroad, the Trans-Siberian in Russia began in 1891

  8. Steamships and automobiles • Steamships • 1849 United States steamship services began traveling from the west coast around South America to arrive on the east coast • Automobiles • 1769 first attempts being made at building a personal transportation machine • German engineer Carl Benz and Gottlieb Daimler both developed practical automobiles

  9. 1885 Bent built a three wheel vehicle • One year later Daimler put an internal combustion engine on a horse carriage • Also developed the carburetor • Mixed fuel and air for proper combustion in the engine

  10. Henry Ford • 1908 “I will build a motor car for the great multitude” • Used the mass production method • Affordable car line was known was the model T • By 1915 more roads than railroad tracks in the United States • By 1920 Model T made up 40-50% of the United States production

  11. The Airplane • 1783 invention of hot air balloon • Take pictures, site seeing, etc. • At the mercy of the wind • Kitty Hawk North Carolina • December 7, 1903 Wilbur and Orville Wright succeeded in flying a powered airplane • Flight only lasted 120 feet

  12. Advances in Technology • The Telegraph • A machine that send messages instantly over wires • Invented by American Samuel Moore in 1837 • Samuel Moore also developed the language of Morse Code • 1844 the United States Government gave funding the Moore to lay 35 miles of telegraph wires between D.C and Baltimore • By 1851 50 Telegraph companies in the U.S • 1866 telegraph cables placed in the Atlantic Ocean to connect U.S and England.

  13. Telephone • American Alexander Graham Bell • Teacher of the hearing impaired • 1876 Bell created the telephone • By 1900 1.5 million telephones had been installed in the United States

  14. The Radio and Phonograph • 1895 Italian physicist Gulielmo Marconi built worlds first wireless telegraph AKA the Radio • Frist used as communication between ships • Entertainment usage of radio increased with Thomas Edison’s invention of the phonograph which could record sound

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