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WELCOME TO DEBATE!

Series II: ORDER AND PURPOSE OF THE SPEECHES. WELCOME TO DEBATE!. The job of the policy affirmative is to prove that their proposal (which must fit under the resolution) is a good idea. Affirmative vs negative.

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WELCOME TO DEBATE!

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  1. Series II: ORDER AND PURPOSE OF THE SPEECHES WELCOME TO DEBATE!

  2. The job of the policy affirmative is to prove that their proposal (which must fit under the resolution) is a good idea. Affirmative vs negative

  3. The job of the LD affirmative is to prove that their side of the resolution and its associated value is the best idea. Affirmative vs negative

  4. Affirmative vs negative The job of the policy negative is to prove that the affirmative proposal is either a bad idea or does not fit under the resolution.

  5. Affirmative vs negative The job of the LD negative is to prove that their side of the resolution and its associated values is the best idea.

  6. Affirmative vs negative

  7. Affirmative vs negative  The judge votes for whichever team does a better job of proving their point.

  8. Each team gets a set amount of time to prove their point (they must also speak in a set order). Affirmative vs negative

  9. Affirmative vs negative Both teams will prepare ahead of time for arguments they might make and prepare to respond to arguments opponents might make. Filing become important, so you can find arguments quickly.

  10. There are four participants in the policy debate. Each person gives one constructive speech, one rebuttal speech, asks questions once and answers questions once. 1A, 1N, 2A, 2N

  11. 1A, 1N, 2A, 2N Each person has a role in the debate. They can be the 1A, 2A, 1N, or 2N. (First affirmative speaker, Second affirmative speaker, First negative speaker, Second negative speaker).

  12. 1AC (first affirmative constructive)—5 min • 1NC (first negative constructive)—5 min • CX—2 min • 2AC (second affirmative constructive)—5 min • 2NC (second negative constructive)—5 min¼ • CX -2min • 1NR (first negative rebuttal)—2 ½ min • 1AR (first affirmative rebuttal)—2 ½ min • 2NR (second negative rebuttal)—2 ½ min • 2AR (second affirmative rebuttal)—2 ½ min Map of the Policy Round p.30

  13. AC (affirmative constructive)—3 min • CX—1 ½ min • NC (negative constructive)—3 ½ min • CX -1 ½ min • 1NR (first negative rebuttal)—21½ min • 1AR (first affirmative rebuttal)—2 ½ min • NR (negative rebuttal)2min • 2AR (second affirmative rebuttal)—1 min Map of the LD Round p.89

  14. A constructive is one of the first four speeches. In these speeches, debaters initiate the key arguments that they plan to make. Constructives & rebuttals

  15. Constructives & rebuttals There is a big difference between the first two and last two constructives in policy. The first two speeches (1AC, 1NC) mostly consist of reading pre-written material and the last two constructives (2AC, 2NC) are written on the spot to counter arguments made by your opponent.

  16. Constructives & rebuttals A rebuttal is one of the last four policy speeches. A rebuttal is the last minute of the LD NC and the last 3 speeches In these speeches, debaters refute points made by the other side and use logic and evidence comparisons to prove that their core arguments are correct. They said… We said in response… We’re right because…

  17. 1AC (first affirmative constructive) • 1NC (first negative constructive) • CX CX • 2AC (second affirmative constructive)— • 2NC (second negative constructive)— • CX CX • 1NR (first negative rebuttal) • 1AR (first affirmative rebuttal) • 2NR (second negative rebuttal) • 2AR (second affirmative rebuttal) Map of the policy Round (color coded by person)

  18. Activity… I give the four participants name tags that say 1A, 1N, 2A, 2N and have them go through the process of just standing up and announcing what speech they are giving. I have the partners sit together. • For this first time, I do not have them actually say anything besides the aff “I support the resolution and my plan is a great idea” and the neg “I think that the resolution is a bad idea and the plan stinks!” I would skip CX for now. aCTIVITY

  19. Each team and Lder is given 2 MINUTES prep time to use how they like. Share the time well with your partner. When do you write speeches?

  20. When do you write speeches? TRY VERY HARD TO ONLY USE PREP TIME DURING REBUTTALS!

  21. When do you write speeches? How can 2 minutes be enough? Quite a bit of debate work is done ahead of time. During the round, you will need to think of logical points on the spot and put your arguments in order but all of that is facilitated by work done before the tournament.

  22. When do you write speeches? • Research is done before tournaments. • The 1AC and major components of the 1NC are pre-written. • You can write out anything that you like. If you hear an new argument, write answers to it so that you do not need prep next time!

  23. When do you write speeches? • Careful filing means that you can find what you need quickly.

  24. Most importantly, all debaters take extensive notes during speeches. This is called flowing. Taking careful notes is absolutely essential to be able to respond to arguments made by the other side (and to remember what you said earlier in the debate). When do you write speeches?

  25. When do you write speeches? Learning how to structure these notes will give you an automatic way to organize your speeches. AND “SIGNPOSTS” “ROADMAPS” MAKES FLOWING THIS EASIER FOR EVERYONE

  26. We will talk more about that later.

  27. The affirmative team lays out their proposal and why they think that their proposal would have advantages over the current system.

  28. SIGNIFICANT HARMS Harms (outlines problems with the current situation)

  29. INHERENCY Inherency (factual description of the current situation—points to laws responsible for current problems)

  30. PLAN Plan (short statement of what the affirmative team plans to do about the problems they outlined) Needs to start with the Resolved. Resolved: The United States federal government should substantially increase social services for persons living in poverty in the United States.

  31. PLAN LET’S SAY IT TOGETHER!!

  32. Solvency (reasons why the affirmative plan will solve the problems they outlined) SOLVENCY DO NOT DROP THIS!

  33. Major Arguments are called CONTENTIONS The contentions are: Significant/harms, inherency, solvency, advantages (optional) After Inherency, present the plan AFFirmative Case Structure

  34. The negative responds to the 1AC. There are a variety of ways to respond: On-Case– There is no significant harm. There is no inherency. The plan won’t solve. Off-case—Topicality, disadvantages, counterplan. These arguments stem from the plan. 1NC (first negative constructive)

  35. 1NC (first negative constructive) Your basic strategy is to demonstrate that the problems caused by the affirmative plan (disadvantages) are more substantial than the benefits of the plan (advantages). THESE ARE ALSO CALLED DISADS OR D.A.’S

  36. 1NC (first negative constructive) To do this, you need to both respond to the affirmative case THIS IS CALLED ON CASE (becauseit attacks the CASE arguments) or SHIPS

  37. 1NC (first negative constructive) • and demonstrate that it would cause substantial problems. This is called off case b/c you’re off the SHIPS

  38. The main goal of the 2AC is to respond to all of the arguments made in the 1NC. The 2AC needs to go point by point and respond to each of the case arguments. The 2AC also needs to go to each off case argument, group the position, and respond to the argument. 2AC (Second affirmative constructive) AGAIN- THIS IS WHERE SIGNPOSTING AND ROADMAPS ARE ESSENTIAL!

  39. 2AC (Second affirmative constructive) Most of the 2AC is original but you can write out arguments that you would like to use ahead of time. Look at each DA in the packet and pick out arguments that you would like to make in response.

  40. 2AC (Second affirmative constructive) Remember that you made arguments in the 1AC that will be applicable. Extend any 1AC arguments that will help you beat negative positions—there is no sense reading cards that repeat earlier ones.

  41. 2NC (2ND NEGATIVE CONSTRUCTIVE ) 1NR (1ST NEGATIVE REBUTTAL) • These two speeches are the only ones given by the same side back-to-back. It is nicknamed the “negative block.”

  42. 2nc (second negative constructive) & 1NR (first negative Rebuttal) • Your job is to respond to each argument made by the 2AC on the positions that you plan to extend.

  43. 2nc (second negative constructive) & 1NR (first negative Rebuttal) • Your goal is to continue to defend a winning package (such as a DA and case defense, so that you can argue that the DA outweighs the case in the 2NR).

  44. The 2NC and 1NR should divide up flows and decide what each person will extend. How do you make the decision? 2nc (second negative constructive) & 1NR (first negative Rebuttal)

  45. 2nc (second negative constructive) & 1NR (first negative Rebuttal) • After the 2AC but before CX (so that the 2N uses CX as productive prep time), the negative team should take a moment of prep to discuss who will extend which argument.

  46. 2nc (second negative constructive) & 1NR (first negative Rebuttal) • Keep in mind that the 1NR has less time to speak but more time to prepare—it is often wise to give them the argument that will be the most prep intensive. NOW IS NOT THE TIME TO BE SLOW!! NOM NOM

  47. The 1AR builds on 2AC arguments + can make new answers to anything new brought up in the negative block. 1AR (first affirmative rebuttal)

  48. 1AR (first affirmative rebuttal) The 1AR does not have to extend every 2AC argument--there simply will not be time! Instead, focus on arguments that you are both ahead on and that will win you the debate. For instance, winning that the affirmative does not link (will not cause) the disadvantage is much more important than winning a nit-picky point.

  49. The goal of the 2NR is to extend a winning package. If you prove that the aff plan is, on balance, a bad idea, then the judge will vote negative. 2NR (second negative rebuttal) THIS IS WHERE YOUR “OVERVIEW” COMES IN

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