HSC on board library – CBT 7

1. RISK ASSESSMENT HSC on board library – CBT 7 www.hanseaticshipping.com

2. Course Format • Course is made up of this power point presentation accompanied by the short questionnaire next to you! • Please ask an agency employee to assist whenever required. • You can advance through the presentation by hitting the “ENTER” key with your desired speed! • You should be able to complete in 2 hours

3. CHECK ON YOURSELF Please read the questionnaire and answer the questions to your best knowledge without consulting this presentation or an instructor. Be fair to yourself! Complete it (not more than 8-10 minutes), Turn it around and continue here. www.hanseaticshipping.com

4. WHAT IS RISK ?? • The chance of an adverse event • The likelihood of hazard being realised • The combination of the probability, or frequency of occurrence of a defined hazard and • The magnitude of the consequences of the occurrence. www.hanseaticshipping.com

5. You should know3 Common areas of risk to the company and shipboard staff: • Risk to Health and safety, Consequences are injuries and fatalities • Risk to Environment, Consequence is pollution, etc • Risk to Operations, consequence are broken equipment, damaged cargo, off-hire, etc RISK TO HEALTH AND SAFETY RISK TO ENVIRONMENT COST RISK TO OPERATION www.hanseaticshipping.com

6. HOW DO WE MANAGE THE RISKS? • Through the procedures • By Safety management system What is the result if we make enough regulations ?? We will not have accidents. www.hanseaticshipping.com

7. Principles of risk Management • Ask yourself these questions • What are the risks in shipboard operations? • How often are you or your crew, at risk • What are the consequences of an accident? • What can you do about it ????????????????????? www.hanseaticshipping.com

8. Risks in Lifeboat Drills (for example)Killed more than safe ? • UK marine Accident investigation Branch’s database, accumulated over 10 - year period, • Indicate the lifeboat and launching system cost the lives of 12 seafarers. ( 16% of total lives lost on UK flagged vessels) • + 87 seafarers injured • It happened during drill and training X 12 Seafarers X 87 Seafarers www.hanseaticshipping.com

9. What’s wrong ??? Too late for us, but don’t forget Risk Assessment and Incident Investigation for the rest of our colleagues who are still alive !!!

10. DAMAGE OF L/BOATs DURING DRILL www.hanseaticshipping.com

11. RISK ASSESSMENT www.hanseaticshipping.com

12. What is the purpose of Risk Assessment ? The purpose • Is to ensure that careful examinations of shipboard operations are carried out • to determine what can cause harm • that existing controls are adequate • determine or risk levels are tolerable. www.hanseaticshipping.com

13. Objective of Risk Assessment The Objective • Where risk level are unacceptable, to identify and implement appropriate controls to reduce risk levels to as low as reasonable practicable www.hanseaticshipping.com

14. Expected outputs of a Risk Assessment ???????? • Minimisation of risk to people and the environment • Improvement in operational performance • Assist on establishing a responsible image within the marketplace www.hanseaticshipping.com

15. How do accidents happen! Accident Near Misses Unsafe ships Lack of Safety Culture Lack of shipboard teamwork www.hanseaticshipping.com

16. Affects of Operation Performance Social well being of seafarers • There is an absolute link between the social well being of seafarers and a successful Safety Management System onboard! Successful safety Management www.hanseaticshipping.com

17. POOR SOCIAL + WORKING CONDITION + POOR SAFETY MANAGEMENT LEAD TO LOW MORALE EFFECT ON PHYCIAL AND MENTAL HEALTH / UNSAFE ACTS ACCIDENTS / NEAR MISSES www.hanseaticshipping.com

18. Regulations could reduce level of Risk HIGH Level of risk REGULATIONS RISK MANAGEMENT LOW www.hanseaticshipping.com

19. Safety assessment process • Identification of Hazards • Risk assessment • Risk control options • Cost benefit assessment • Recommendations for decision making www.hanseaticshipping.com

20. Risk Assessment Programme • Make sure shipboard personnel aware that company is serious about risk assessment • Ensure procedure are in place before commencement • Provide training • Purpose and objective • Identifying the hazards and controls • Assessing risk • ALARP ( as low as reasonably practicable) $$$$$$$ • Review processes • Identify who should carried out the risk assessment • Experience person • Old + Young = Experience + Objectivity Review www.hanseaticshipping.com

21. RISK ASSESSMENT PROCESSCOMPRISES 7 STAGES • Inventory of shipboard operations • Identify hazards • Identify existing controls • Determine risk • Decide if risk is tolerable • Implement Controls • Review assessments www.hanseaticshipping.com

22. Inventory of shipboard operations • Importance to list and categorize all shipboard operations Operation type Operation group Operation Deck Vessel Integrity Man on deck in heavy weather Routines Watchman doing round check in darkness Engine Mooring Lowering/Launching of L/B and MOB boat Cargo Navigation Entering cold weather www.hanseaticshipping.com

23. Which Operations do you assess FIRST ??? • First SELECT those that have a potential for loss which could do most harm to • people, • property, • the environment, • the reputation of the company. www.hanseaticshipping.com

24. Identify hazards, what causes an accident? Consequences Falling, slipping, fire, Explosion, Oil spill, Collision, Grounding, system Failure Accident Smoking, not wearing PPE, Ignoring safe working practices Unsafe Acts Direct causes Unsafe Conditions Dark, noisy, toxic/explosive Atmosphere, Job factors Design, equipment, manning Indirect causes Personal factors Fatigue, lack of training, Organisation or Familiarity Root Causes Lack of control Lack of management, poor Management, lack of controls www.hanseaticshipping.com

25. For Example • Accident - Ship runs aground • Direct Cause - Duty Officer set wrong course on Auto-pilot. • Indirect cause - Fatigue due to lack of rest prior to bridge watch • Root cause - Company policy on rest periods not fully implemented www.hanseaticshipping.com

26. CREATING SAFE WORKING ENVIRONMENT 1st STEP (KEY POINT) HAZARDS IDENTIFICATION 2ND STEP CONTROL MINIMISE THE HAZARDS Will Cause RESULT SAFE OPERATIONS www.hanseaticshipping.com

27. Difference between Hazard and Event • Hazard Event • Slippery Surface Slipping causing a minor injury • Corroded ladder Rung collapsing causing bruised/cut foot • Combustible atmosphere Explosion causing fatalities • Toxicity Inhalation causing fatalities • Darkness Banging head or tripping causing minor injury www.hanseaticshipping.com

28. Depending on the nature of the operation, the consequences of an event can have different levels of severity; • darkness may have a greater impact on the entry into enclosed spaces than on navigation, • Ask following 3 questions which could you help to find hazards and the nature of the harm, • Is there a source of harm? • Who or What can be harmed? • How could harm occur? www.hanseaticshipping.com

29. Identify Existing Controls • Controls can fall into following categories • Procedure –the majority of the controls will be in the form of procedure • Environment –For example – oily / water separator • Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) -For example – Breathing Apparatus, Gloves • Human Element –For example: Rest periods, training • Design/engineering –For example: Increasingthe strength of hatch covers, fitting hoops around ladders www.hanseaticshipping.com

30. How to determine the Risk ? • is the combination of • The likelihood of the hazardous event occurring • The severity of the consequences www.hanseaticshipping.com

31. Assessing Likelihood • Highly unlikely < Once per year per fleet • Unlikely < Once per year per ship • Likely < Once or more per year per ship Likelihood Occurrence www.hanseaticshipping.com

32. Consequence Slightly harmful Harmful Extremely harmful Effect cuts, bruises, headaches or discomfort due to surrounding environment. Requires first aid, but able to resume work next day. Minor pollution, unacceptable funnel emissions Laceration, burns, temporarily disability Unable to return to work within 3 days or requires repatriation Moderate pollution, Onboard oil spill contained Amputations, major fractures, multiple injuries, poisoning or fatal injuries Unable to resume sea-going employment Major pollution, Overboard oil pollution Consequence Level…….Needs to be determined for possible harm to people, ship and/or the environmentFor Example……………………………… www.hanseaticshipping.com

33. Qualitative Risk TableOnce you have determined the likelihood and the level of consequence, you can determine the level of risk using the qualitative risk table Consequence Likelihood Slight Harmful harmful Extremely harmful Highly unlikely Trivial Risk Tolerate Risk Moderate Risk Unlikely Tolerable Risk Moderate Risk Substantial Risk Likely Moderate Risk Substance Risk Intolerable Risk www.hanseaticshipping.com

34. Trivial Tolerate Moderate Substantial Intolerable ~No action is required and no documentary records need be kept. ~No additional controls are required. consideration may be given to more cost effective solution of improvement that imposes no additional cost burden. Monitoring is required to ensure that controls are maintained. ~Effort should be made to reduce risk. but the costs of prevention should be carefully measured and limited. ~Work should not be started until the risk has been reduced. Considerable resources may have to be allocolated to reduce the risk. Where the risk involves work in progress, Urgent action should be taken. ~Work should not be started or continued until the risk has been reduced. If it is not possible to reduce the risk even with unlimited resources, Work has to remain prohibited. Decide if Risk is Tolerate Risk Action www.hanseaticshipping.com

35. -A L A R P- AS LOW AS REASONABLY PRACTICABLE www.hanseaticshipping.com

36. ALARP PRINCIPLE Risk can’t be justified unless there are acceptable reasons Unacceptable Region Tolerable only if risk reduction is impracticable or if its cost is grossly disproportionate to the improvement gained Tolerable Region Increasing Level of Risk Tolerable if cost of reduction would exceed the improvement Necessary to maintain asssurance that Risk remains at this level Broadly acceptable region www.hanseaticshipping.com

37. For following example for personnel to Enter Enclosedspace with minimum control • Unacceptable region of ALARP • It would be unacceptable for personnel to enter oil cargo tank when full of oil or not gas free as the risks are too high • It is within the bounds of reason however, expect this to happen under exceptional circumstances, i.e. rescue www.hanseaticshipping.com

38. 2a.Tolerable region of ALARP (Upper Zone) • Enter to empty fuel oil Tank • Risk to personnel of entering the tank could be high BUT not as high as full tank • To drive down the risk vast amount of money involved (designing and fitting hi-tech ventilation, lighting system, etc) • The cost of such measurement would be grossly disproportionate to the improvement • THEREFORE OPERATION IN ITS PRESENT STATE IS TOLERABLE AND RISKS ARE REDUCED TO LEVEL THAT CAN BE CONSIDERED ALARP.

39. 2b.Tolerable region of ALARP (Lower Zone) • Enter into empty and well ventilated fresh water tank • Generally operation with Tolerable risk level • If harm occurs, it is more likely the result of a consequence of an individual’s action rather than from any inherent properties of MT tank. • To drive down – need low or moderate expense • But could be considered unnecessary as current Risk levels are already ALARP

40. 3.The Broadly acceptable region of ALARP • In this region……………… • Risks are regarded as trivial + Adequate controls are in place • Review should be in place • No further action required unless reasonable practicable measures becoming available or • Required by Law or Industry convention

41. Guidance on selecting Controls • Remove or eliminate the hazard • Contain the hazard • Use technology to monitor the hazard • Adapt the individual to the work • Personnel Protective Equipment • Emergency Response • Re- design, Re-equip

42. Review on Assessment • Risk level should be TOLERATE • RESIDUAL RISK should be as low as reasonably practicable • ANY NEW HAZARDS created should be acceptable • FEEDBACK from personnel on plannedcontrols • SUGGESTIONS for improvement

43. End of HSC Risk Assessment CBT - 7 Pls return to questionairre and answer the questions again. www.hanseaticshipping.com