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ENGLISH HISTORY THE STUARTS

ENGLISH HISTORY THE STUARTS. Gioia Girardi C l. 4^ALS School year 2013-2014. WHO ARE “THE STUARTS”?. The Stuarts  first kings of the United Kingdom from 1603 to 1714 The S tuarts ’s dinasty : James I (1603-1625) Charles I (1625-1649) Interregnum (1649-1660)

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ENGLISH HISTORY THE STUARTS

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  1. ENGLISH HISTORYTHE STUARTS Gioia Girardi Cl. 4^ALS Schoolyear 2013-2014

  2. WHO ARE “THE STUARTS”? • The Stuarts  first kings of the United Kingdom from 1603 to1714 • The Stuarts’s dinasty : • James I (1603-1625) • Charles I (1625-1649) • Interregnum (1649-1660) • Charles II (1660-1685) • James II (1685-1688) • Mary II and William III (1688-1702) • Anne (1702-1714) flourishing Court culture but also much upheaval and instability

  3. JAMES I (1603-1625)son of Mary Queen ofScots • James I of England and James VI of Scotland: • united the countries under one monarch for the first time • new translation of the Bible  AuthorisedKing James's Version of the Bible • James believed in the Divine Right of Kings but his actions were subject to the law • James was often in dispute with his Parliaments: not able to solve financial and political problems

  4. CHARLES I (1625-1649)son of James I and Anne ofDenmark • Charles I  second Stuart King of England • embarked on war with Spain and then with France led byBuckingham • need for money was now so urgent: he accepted the Petition of Right • to rule without a Parliament and did so for 11 years  raised money by using questionable means • he had no choice but to recall a Parliament whose would lead the country to Civil War and Charles I to his execution.

  5. PETITION OF RIGHTS (1628) • A major English constitutional document: • declares that Englishmen have various "rights and liberties" • contains restrictions on non-Parliamentary taxation, forced billeting of soldiers, imprisonment without cause, and restricts the use of martial law • new stage in the constitutional crisis that would lead to the English Civil War

  6. INTRREGNUM (1649-1660) • Interregnum  the country's rulers tried to redefine and establish a workable constitution without a monarchy • Oliver Cromwell took the title Lord Protector and formed republic, aka Commonwealth • Parliament  supporters not popular • opposition from those who supported Charles II • Cromwell's opponents were easily able to overthrow him  anarchy • monarchy was restored with the accession of Charles II

  7. CHARLES II (1660-1685)son of Charles I • Charles II of England recognised as King of Scotland and Ireland: • 1651 he led an invasion into England from Scotland to defeat Cromwell • restore the monarchy • 1660 he was invited to return to England as King Charles II. Restoration • He continued to have money problems

  8. JAMES II (1685-1688)grandsonof James I • James II succeeded his brother Charles • Lord High Admiral until he announced his conversion to Roman Catholicism • He succeeded despite the passing of the Test Acts in 1673  barred all Roman Catholics from holding official positions • replacedbyhisson-in-lawWilliam of Orange  accession to the throne is known as The Glorious Revolution

  9. WILLIAM III AND MARY II (1688-1702) • Sovereigns of England in 1688 following the Glorious Revolution: • accepted by Scotland the following year, but Ireland (Catholic) remained loyal to James II • The Act of Settlement of 1701 was designed to secure the Protestant succession to the throne, and to strengthen the guarantees for ensuring parliamentary system of government • not only addressed the dynastic and religious aspects of succession, it also restricted the powers and prerogatives of theCrown

  10. ANNE (1702-1714)sister-in-lawof William • Queen Anne was the sister of Mary II and was married to Prince George of Denmark • She was a committed Protestant and supported the Glorious Revolution • In 1707 the Act of Unionformally united the Kingdoms of England and Scotland • the last Stuart monarch as none of her eighteen children survived beyond infancy

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