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Chapter 3

Chapter 3. Units and Dimensional Analysis. Chapter 3 - Goals. Know and understand the metric system. Be able to use units in performing mathematical operations. Know and be able to convert within and between measurement systems. Know and be able to use Dimensional Analysis.

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Chapter 3

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  1. Chapter 3 Units and Dimensional Analysis

  2. Chapter 3 - Goals • Know and understand the metric system. • Be able to use units in performing mathematical operations. • Know and be able to convert within and between measurement systems. • Know and be able to use Dimensional Analysis. • Know and understand density and temperature • Be able to calculate percent error.

  3. Metric versus English… • English: 12 inches = 1 foot • Metric: 10 mm = 1 cm • English: 5280 feet = 1 mile • Metric: 1000 m = 1 km

  4. Measurement SI system (metric) Base Units

  5. A little on multiple dimensions… • The SI base unit for volume is the • You may be asked to solve problems involving this. • For example: • Calculate the volume of a steel cube with a side that measures 12.1135 cm. Give your answer in cm3 and m3.

  6. Practice 2 • For example: • You put 5.00 cm3 of oil onto the surface of a lake. The oil spreads to occupy an area of 200 m2. What is the thickness of the layer of oil? Give your answer in cm.

  7. Non SI units • Volume ------------- • Energy ------------- • Note… different than a Calorie

  8. Derived Units • Speed:, • Density: • Volume:

  9. Terms to know… • Mass: • Weight: • Area: • Volume: • Density:

  10. Metric Prefixes • You should know: • Kilo • Centi • Milli • Micro • Nano • Pico • Mega Larger i.e kg Smaller i.e cg Smaller i.e mg And how they modify the base unit Smaller i.eμg Smaller i.eng Smaller i.e pg Larger i.e Mg

  11. Conversions • Method 1: ladder (number line) • Method 2: ratios • Method 3: unit conversion

  12. The Number Line Centi Base unit Pico Mega Kilo Milli Micro Nano 1 106 103 10-3 10-6 10-9 10-12 10-2

  13. Convert: 14.56 mg to g Centi Base unit Pico Mega Kilo Milli Micro Nano 1 106 103 10-3 10-6 10-9 10-12 10-2

  14. Convert: 12005.22 ks to ns Centi Base unit Pico Mega Kilo Milli Micro Nano 1 106 103 10-3 10-6 10-9 10-12 10-2

  15. Solve… 4 x 6 x 7 x 3 x 2 6 x 9 x 8 x 2 x 2 a x b x 2 x c x 4 6 x 12 x b x a x 4

  16. Unit Conversion/Dimensional Analysis Convert: 12005.22 ks to ns • Plan… • Convert • Convert

  17. Unit Conversion/Dimensional Analysis Convert: 12005.22 ks to ns

  18. Unit Conversion/Dimensional Analysis • How many mg are in 785.66 lb.

  19. Convert • 7.00 miles per second into meters per day.

  20. Common ratio used in chemistry Physical property of a substance SI units: kg/m3 Solid g/cm3 Liquid g/mL Gas g/L Density Can change due to temperature and/or pressure changes

  21. Density • Find the density of a piece of metal with a volume of 2.7 cm3 and a mass of 10.8 g. 2. Determine the mass of an object with a density of 0.24 g/cm3 and a volume of 2 cm3.

  22. Density as a conversion factor • Ethanol has a density of 0.789 g/mL. Use this to determine: • The number of grams in 1000.455 mL of ethanol • The number of L in 4.556 E4 g of ethanol

  23. Percent Error • Percent error: how far from the true answer your data is, expressed as a percent. Percent error = X 100

  24. Temperature • Scale of • Amount of • Scales • Kelvin • Celsius • Fahrenheit

  25. Conversions • oC to oF oF = 1.8(oC) + 32 • oC to K K = oC + 273.15

  26. Determine the • Celsius temperature if the Fahrenheit temperature is

  27. Convert • Copper boils at 2562.00 oC. What is this temperature in oF

  28. Convert • What is the boiling point of copper in K?

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