Agência Nacional de Aviação Civil (ANAC) Brasil – ICAEA SEMINAR Brasilia, Brasil

1. Agência Nacional de Aviação Civil (ANAC) Brasil – ICAEA SEMINAR Brasilia, Brasil 12-13 November 2012 By Captain Rick Valdes IFALPA representative to ICAO’s PRICE SG

2. Presentation Outline • IFALPA • Global role • IFALPA policy • ICAO Language Requirements are about… • Trail of blood and tears • Real Life: Flight 981 KJFK • AE training and test service providers • What can you do • Real Life: Eagle 4141

3. INTERNATIONAL FEDERATION OF AIR LINE PILOTS’ ASSOCIATIONS • IFALPA represents over 100,000 pilots in over 104 countries. • Recognized by ICAO as the global voice of pilots.

4. IFALPA’S POLICY on Language Proficiency It is essential that pilots are, at all times, fully aware of the situation in the ATC environment. This is, obviously, impossible if communications are being conducted between other aircraft and the ground station in an incomprehensible language.

5. IFALPA’S POLICY IFALPA has no national, ethnic or linguistic bias, but recognizes that if there is to be a single aviation language, this must, from a practical point of view, be English.

6. WHAT ARE THE ICAO LANGUAGE REQUIREMENTS ABOUT? • Flight SAFETY!

7. The trail of blood and tears • Trident/DC-9 mid-air collision, Zagreb -1976 • Double B747 runway collision, Tenerife - 1977 • B707 fuel exhaustion, JFK - 1990 • B757 CFIT, Cali - 1995 • IL-76/B747 mid-air collision, India - 1996 • MD83/Shorts 330 runway collision, Paris/CDG -2000 • MD80/Citation runway collision, Milan - 2001 The common element: English language proficiency Source: ADREP

8. Flight 981 crew • 2 captains and 2 first officers • Had successfully completed their English class room training and passed the level 4 test required by their: • CAA • airline • training/testing institution

9. Real life:Flight 981 KJFK airport

10. Flight 981 crew • Once they passed their test, the crew has meet all the necessary requirements in order to comply with the language requirements required by the CAA, airline and training and testing institution(s).

11. Incident analysis System Failures: CAA: Ensure that approved training and testing providers comply with State requirements (as guided by ICAO Doc. 9835). Airline: Ensure that training and testing providers comply with ICAO Doc. 9835. AE training and testing providers: Comply with Best Practices established in Doc. 9835.

12. Civil Aviation Authority • What criteria did the CAA use to certify the AE training or testing provider? • Does the CAA have qualified in-house expertise to evaluate the quality of AE providers? • What quality controls did the CAA exert on the AE testing and training providers?

13. CAA Responsibilities • Insist that all AE instructors or testers have “Best” qualifications per ICAO Doc. 9835. • Ensure that the AE provider use “content-based” materials, per ICAO Doc. 9835. • If no in-house qualified expertise, employ independent “best” qualified AE consultants to screen, supervise, and monitor providers.

14. Airline responsibilities • What criteria did the airline use to select the AE training and testing provider? • What quality monitoring controls did the airline exert on the AE testing and training provider?

15. Airline Responsibilities • Employ “best qualified” independent AE consultants to screen, supervise, and monitor providers. • Insist that all AE instructors or testers have “Best” qualifications per ICAO Doc. 9835. • Ensure that the AE provider uses “content-based” materials, per ICAO Doc. 9835.

16. AE Training and Testing Providers Adhere to “Best Practices” as outlined in ICAO Document 9835.

18. Aviation English Instructors: • English language proficiency • (ICAO Extended Level 5 or Expert Level 6) • Academic qualifications specifically in Language Teaching • Aviation familiarity or expertise

19. What are High Standards? • BEST: Master degree in • Teaching English as a Second Language (TESL) • Applied Linguistics • Foreign language education (not literature) • Good • Bachelor degree in above fields • Graduate diploma in Teaching English to Speakers of Other Languages (TESOL) • Minimum • Certificate or non-related degree Document 9835

20. Best Practices • SAFETY is why the ICAO requirements were created. • Hold your training partners/providers to high standards • Pilots/controllers deserve Best Practice Aviation English Training and Testing

21. Test Services • This ICAO service is intended to evaluate tests of English designed to confirm that air traffic control personnel and flight crews involved in flight operations in airspace where the use of the English language is required are proficient in conducting and comprehending radiotelephony communications in that language.

22. Test Services • Endorsements reflect ICAO's Language Proficiency Requirements (LPR) defined in ICAO Doc 9835 and in Annex 1. • ICAOdoes not endorse tests of general English proficiency. • http://www.icao-aelte.org/

23. Standardized Phraseology • The purpose of phraseologies is to provide clear, concise, unambiguous language to communicate messages of a routine nature. • Phraseologies are found in Doc 4444. • Plain language shall be used “only when standardized phraseology cannot serve an intended transmission” (Annex 10, Volume II, 5.1.1.1). Document 9835

24. Why pilots and controllers need to speak plain language? Eagle 4141

25. WHAT ARE THE ICAO LANGUAGE REQUIREMENTS ABOUT? Flight SAFETY!

26. Thank you Captain Rick Valdes RV767@AOL.com