The Future of PETAL Technology

1. The Future of PETAL Technology Frank O’ConnorATN 2001 18th September 2001

2. Maastricht PETAL-II Datalinks SRA, ANZ, UAL, DLH, QFA, SIA, ACA, COA SAS, Lufthansa American Airlines ATN (VDLM2) FANS-1/A (ACARS) NEAN (VDLM4)

3. ATN Concept • ATN is a Mobile Aviation Internetwork which • Provides Communications support for ATC and AOC traffic • Interconnects Airborne and Ground Systems • Provides High Availability, Prioritisation and other features required to support ATC traffic • Provides a strategy for Integration of different types of Networks • Integrates with and complements existing network infrastructure • Re-uses existing products and technology • ATN also Defines a set of CNS/ATM specific applications

4. ATN Distinguishing Features • Mobile Routing • Enhanced End-to-End Data Integrity • Priority and Pre-emption • Traffic Type (Security Parameter) Identification • Policy Based Routing • Air/Ground Datalink Compression • Bit-Oriented Application Support using condensed Packed Encoding Rules (PER) • Certified Software

5. ATN Technology Origins • International Standards Based • OSI was Governmental Standard when ATN Standards Development began • Re-Use where Practical • Existing Standards and Technologies • Existing Infrastructure and Products • Extend Standards where Necessary • Air/Ground Segment • Mobility • End-to-End Reliability • CNS/ATM Specific Applications

6. ATN Unique Protocols and Standards • ATN Application Service Elements for: • CM • CPDLC • ADS • Mobile SNDCF and associated IS-SME • Connected Oriented (v8208) Network Circuit between Airborne Router and Ground System

7. ATN Re-use/Extension to Standards (cont.) • ATN Addressing Plan to provide unique addressing for ATN Airborne and Ground Systems • ATN Router (Intermediate System) Protocols • Networking Protocols adapted to support Mobile Internet • OSI Routeing Exchange Protocols Extended to support Mobility, Prioritisation and Traffic Types • IDRP (Inter-Domain Routeing Protocol) • ES-IS (End-System to Intermediate System Protocol) • CLNP (Connectionless Network Protocol) extended to support traffic type and prioritisation • v8208 (8208 extended for VDL use) • Policy Based Routing

8. ATN Re-use/Extension to Standards • ATN End-System Protocols • Provide the Airborne and Ground Applications with an ATN Interface to enable communication between them • Dialogue Service Specified over Fast Byte Upper Layer Communications Services • Transport Protocol(COTP/CLTP) enhanced to provide end-to-end integrity, and traffic type support

9. Why IP is not used instead of OSI • OSI was a Governmental Standard when ATN Development started • OSI has some advantages but a change to TCP/IP would be a major cost that cannot be technically or economically justified • New SARPS would need to be developed • IP Protocols would need to be extended in the same way as OSI to provide Mobility, End-to-End Integrity ….. • Certified Products would need to be developed

10. ATN Datalink Components in PETAL • Avionics Systems • VDL Mode-2 Ground Infrastructure • Maastricht ATC Systems

11. CM/CPDLC Apps. Air ATS ES Stack Airborne Router VDL-M2 Gnd Station Maastricht PETAL ATN Datalink Components Rockwell Collins Avionics CMU VDR Mode-2 Gnd/Gnd Router Air/Gnd Router Gnd/Gnd Router Gnd ATS ES Stack FDPS ARINC VDLM2 Ground Infrastructure

12. Avionics Systems • Rockwell Collins CMU-900 • Airborne ATN Router • Airborne End-System Stack • CM/CPDLC Applications • VDR (Mode-2) • MCDU

13. Airborne Router • Establishes/Releases Mobile Connections to Air/Ground Routers over Available Sub-networks • Relays Data between the Aircraft and Air/Ground Routers, handling compression • ATN/OSI Technology include: • Mobile Routeing Protocols • IS-SME • ES-IS • IDRP • CLNP (Connectionless Network Protocol) • Mobile SNDCF • v8208 Sub-network Support

14. Airborne End-System Stack • Provides the Airborne Applications with an ATN Interface to enable communications with the Ground System Applications • ATN/OSI Technology include: • CM & CPDLC ASEs (Application Service Elements) • Upper Layer Communications Services • COTP (Connection Oriented Transport Protocol)

15. VDL Mode-2 Ground Infrastructure • VDL M2 Ground Stations • ATN Air/Ground Routers • ATN Ground/Ground Routers • Infrastructure Interconnections

16. VDL Mode-2 Ground Stations • Controls the Establishment/Release of VDL Links between Airborne and Ground Radios • Integrates the Ground VDRs with the Ground Networks by acting as a bridge • Interfaces with the Air/Ground Routers • ATN/OSI Technology: • v8208 to provide connection-oriented VDL network link • 8208 to provide connection to Air/Ground Router

17. Air/Ground Routers • Keeps track of Aircraft connected to it and handles Mobility and Hand-over between Aircraft • Propagates Routing Information using IDRP • Relays Data between Aircraft and Ground Network • ATN/OSI Technology: • Mobile Routeing Protocols • IS-SME • ES-IS • IDRP • CLNP (Connectionless Network Protocol) • Mobile SNDCF • 8208 Sub-network Support

18. Ground/Ground Routers • Propagates Routing Information for Aircraft and Ground system throughout Network using IDRP • Relays Data between Ground Systems • ATN/OSI Technology: • IDRP Routeing Protocols • CLNP (Connectionless Network Protocol) • 8208 and other Sub-network Support

19. Infrastructure Interconnections • Interconnections between Ground systems such as VDL Ground Stations, Ground/Ground Routers and End-System was accomplished using existing networks and products. • The networks used include: • IP and OSI LANs • X.25 • Other underlying networks used by telecom service providers

20. Maastricht ATC Systems • ATIF Ground/Ground Router • ATIF End System Stack • Flight Data Processing System

21. Maastricht ATIF Ground/Ground Router • Propagates Routing Information to/from External Networks • Relays Data between Ground ATC Centre and External Networks • ATN/OSI Technology: • IDRP Routeing Protocols • CLNP (Connectionless Network Protocol) • 8208 and other Sub-network Support

22. Maastricht ATIF End-System Stack • Provides the ATC Applications with an ATN Interface to enable communications with the Aircraft Applications • ATN/OSI Technology include: • CM & CPDLC ASEs (Application Service Elements) • Upper Layer Communications Services • COTP (Connection Oriented Transport Protocol) • CLNP (Connectionless Network Layer)

23. Airtel ATN’s Involvement • Airtel ATN was originally part of Retix, an OSI COTS Software Supplier • Retix Supplied OSI Software for Early ATN Prototype such as EURATN • Retix developed the TAR, TTS and Airborne TAR for Eurocontrol in support of ATIF and European ADS Trails based on Re-Use of COTS Software • Airtel developed Airborne CM, CPDLC and ADS applications used in pre-PETAL trials • TAR, TTS and Airborne TAR/TTS used in pre-PETAL trails on QinetiQ (DERA) BAC-111 and at Eurocontrol (Bretigny) site

24. Airtel ATN’s Involvement (cont.) • The Extended and Enhanced Retix OSI COTS software is incorporated into the following PETAL systems: • Rockwell Collins CMU-900 ATN Router and Upper Layer Communication Services • ARINC Air/Ground and Ground/Ground ATN Router Software • ProATN Ground/Ground Routers and End-Systems used in the Maastricht centre

25. Future Direction of ATC Datalink Technologies • Co-existence of ATN/IP • IP and ATN Traffic sharing same networks and datalinks where permitted • IP used for Airline and Passenger Communications • Standardised IP Sub-network to enable use of existing public and private IP networks within the ATN • Additional Sub-Network Support • VDLM4/VDLM3 as ATN Sub-Networks • Spread Spectrum CDMA • SATCOM Broadband Network • Wireless LAN Gatelink

26. Future Direction of ATC Datalink Technologies (cont.) • Security • Utilise Industry Standard PKI (Public Key Encryption) Techniques, Procedures and Products • Authentication of Mobile Systems (Aircraft) by DSP and ATSO • End-to-End Confidentiality and Non-Disclosure