1 / 48

Food Sanitation and Related Regulations

Food Sanitation and Related Regulations. Prof.Dr.Selma KARABEY. http://www.haberler.com/ gida -zehirlenmesi- suphesiyle -hastanelere-5466086-haberi /. Food Safety.

lynna
Download Presentation

Food Sanitation and Related Regulations

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript


  1. FoodSanitationandRelatedRegulations Prof.Dr.Selma KARABEY

  2. http://www.haberler.com/gida-zehirlenmesi-suphesiyle-hastanelere-5466086-haberi/http://www.haberler.com/gida-zehirlenmesi-suphesiyle-hastanelere-5466086-haberi/

  3. FoodSafety • Foodsafetyreferstowhetherfood is safeforhumanconsumptionandhencelacking in biologicalandchemicalcontaminationsthathavethepotentialtocauseillness. • Theimprovements in publichealthvirtuallyeradicatedprimarilyfood-borneinfectionsthatwereuntilrecentlyassociatedwithconsiderablemorbidityandmortality. • Thecommonfood-bornediseasescurrentlyencounteredareusuallyareassociatedwith self-limitinggastroenteritis. • Therehavebeenseveralfood-borneepidemics in developedworldthathaveraisedconcernsaboutfoodsafety in recentyears.

  4. DiseasesrelatedtoContaminationwithmicoorganism

  5. Bacterialagentscausingfood-borne disease

  6. Salmonellaenteritidisepidemic: One of the most common and widely distributed foodborne diseases Caused by the bacteria salmonella. Tens of millions of human cases occur worldwide every year The disease results in more than hundred thousand deaths. SalmonellaEnteritidisand SalmonellaTyphimurium;transmitted from animals to humans in most parts of the world.

  7. Salmonellaenteritidis epidemic-2: Sources and transmission • Salmonellabacteria are widely distributed in domestic and wild animals. • in food animals such as poultry, pigs, cattle • in pets, including cats and dogs, birds and reptiles- turtles. • Salmonellosis in humans is through the consumption of contaminated food • animal origin (mainly eggs, meat, poultry and milk) • although other foods, including green vegetables contaminated by manure, • Person-to-person transmission through the faecal-oral route can also occur.

  8. InfectiousHepatitis Hepatitis A virus • Having an incubationperiod of 10-50 days, mean of 4 weeks. • Foodshandledby an infectedworkerorthosethatcome in contactwithhumanfecesarelikelyvehicles rawshellfish, salads, sandwiches, fruits • Filter-feedingmollusksconcentratevirusparticlesfrompollutedwaters. • Control is achievedby cookingfood, stressingpersonalhygiene, and byavoidingshellfishharvestedfrompolluetedwaters.

  9. Parasites • Nematodes linkedtofood-borneillness in humaninclude • TrichinellaSpiralis, • AscarisLumbrocoides, • TrichurisTrichiura, • EnterobiusVermicularis, • Anisakisspp. • Pseudoterranovaspp. Foodslinkedtothediseaseareraworundercookedporkandwildgamemeat―beaver, bearandboar.

  10. Parasites-2 • Cestoda arecommon in developingcountries, e.g. • Taeneisolium, • Taeniasaginata • Diphyllobothriumlatum. • Protozoa; • Entamoebahistolytica, • Toxoplasmagondii, • Cyclosporacayetanensis, • Cryptosporidiumparvum • Giardilambliacausedysentery-likeillnessthat can be fatal.

  11. Food-BorneBacterialIntoxications • Causedby a toxin in thefoodorproduction of a toxin in theintestinaltract. • Staphylococcusaureusenterotoxin―suspectfoodsarethose rich in nutrients, high in salt, and dosearehandled, ham, salami, cream-filledpastries, cookedpoultry

  12. Food-BorneBacterialIntoxications-2 • Bacillussereusenterotoxin―thissyndrome is commonlylinkedtoconsumption of • friedrice in Orientalrestaurants mashedpotatoes pasta. • Botulism―home-cannedfoods, primarly • low-acidvegetables, • preservedmeats, andfish, • cookedonions, and • leftoverbakedpotatoes.

  13. ChemicalIntoxications • Chemicals are divided into two primary categories: prohibited substances unavoidable poisonous or deleterious substances. • Unavoidable poisonous or deleterious substances have FDA tolerance levels or action levels, in the event that exposure or introduction is unavoidable. • Products that fall into these categories include • pesticides, • herbicides, • growth hormones and antibiotics, • additives and processing aids, • lubricants, • paints, • cleaners.

  14. Histamine and other biogenic amines • Scombroidfish poisoning "histamine poisoning"is caused by ingestion of certain species of marine fish that contain high levels of histamine. • These fish species contain high levels of free histidine in their tissue, • When such fish are subjected to temperature abuse after harvest, bacteria decarboxylate histidine to produce histamine. • Morganellamorganiiand Proteus spp. are particularly strong histamine producers.

  15. BisphenolA • BisphenolA (BPA) is used in polycarbonate plastic and epoxy resins, also used in food contact materials, leading to potential consumer exposure through food. • For the exposure scenario, which isforadults coffee,tea and alcoholic drinks packaged foods and beverages, • The major sources of exposure in infantsare migration of BPA from PC bottles (81%)and infant liquid formula packaged in PC containers or metal cans with epoxy linings (19%). • Migration of BPA from epoxy resin in contact with powdered milk formula contributesapproximately1% toexposure.

  16. Acrylamide • Itis a chemical that is used to make polyacrylamide materials. Polyacrylamideis used • in the treatment of drinking-water and waste water • to make glues, paper and cosmetics • used in the construction of dam foundations and tunnels, • appears to be produced in some foods prepared at high temperatures • Acrylamide is known to cause cancer in animals. • Also, certain doses of acrylamide are toxic to the nervous system of both animals and humans

  17. PersistentOrganicPollutants (POPs) The most commonly encountered POPs are ; • organochlorinepesticides, such as (DDT) • industrial chemicals, polychlorinatedbiphenyls(PCB), • polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDD) • dibenzofurans(PCDF), commonly known as 'dioxins'. Humans are exposed to these chemicals in a variety of ways: • mainly through the food we eat, • through the air we breathe, • in the outdoors, indoors • at the workplace

  18. Guidelines for Food Safety and Good Sanitation Practices 1)Maintain Proper Temperature for food items: • Cooling and cold holding for refrigerated food should be held ator below 41º F.(≈ 5⁰ C) • Hot holding for cooked foods must be a minimum temperature of 135º F. (≈ 57 ⁰ C) • Reheating leftovers must be achieved at a minimum temperature of 165º F. (≈ 74⁰ C) 2)Preparing food too far ahead of service: • Food prepared 12 or more hours before service increases risk of temperature abuse. • Foods and food products must come from approved sources-not prepared at home or in unlicensed locations.

  19. Guidelines for Food Safety and Good Sanitation Practices-2 3)Poor personal hygiene and infected personnel: • Personal cleanliness and hand washing is very pertinent when handling food. • Ensure that the facility has a properly working hand sink with soap and single-use paper towels. • Other hand washing methods may be approved by the health authority for temporary operations. • Wash your hands frequently, especially before you begin work and after performing any of these activities: using the toilet, handling raw food, coughing or sneezing, smoking, handling soiled items and disposing garbage.

  20. Guidelines for Food Safety and Good Sanitation Practices-3 4)Serving raw foods and ingredients: • Ensure that raw products are fresh and wholesome. • Otherwise should not be served because they may cause food-borne disease. • It is always safer to use pasteurized products. 5)Food Protection: • Be careful to protect food products at all times from contamination by keeping them covered or packaged above ground or off the floor. • Eliminate unnecessary food handling and protect all foods from physical contamination such as sneezing, coughing, touching dirty surfaces or containers.

  21. Guidelines for Food Safety and Good Sanitation Practices-4 6)Water Supply: When food is prepared on the site, a system capable of producing enough hot water for frequent hand washing and cleaning and sanitizing utensils and equipment shall be provided on premises. Only potable water should be used either from a municipal source, a regulated community well, a private well that has been tested to ensure it is free from contamination, or from sealed containers approved by a bottling manufacturer meeting state/federal guidelines.

  22. Guidelines for Food Safety and Good Sanitation Practices-5 7)Sewage: All sewage, including liquid waste, should be properly disposed of by a public sewage system or by a sewage disposal system constructed and operated according to local plumbing codes. 8)Garbage and Refuse: Must be kept in durable, easily cleanable, insect and rodent-proof containers that do not leak and do not absorb liquids. 9)Transportation:If food needs to be transported from one location to another, keep it well covered and provide adequate temperature controls.

  23. Hazard Analysis & Critical Control Points (HACCP) • HACCP is a systematic approach to the identification, evaluation, and control of food safety hazards based on the following seven principles: • Principle 1: Conduct a hazard analysis. • Principle 2: Determine the critical control points (CCPs). • Principle 3: Establish critical limits. • Principle 4: Establish monitoring procedures. • Principle 5: Establish corrective actions. • Principle 6: Establish verification procedures. • Principle 7: Establish record-keeping and documentation procedures.

  24. 4 Gıda güvenliği yönetim sistemi ............................................................................... 4 4.1 Gene şartlar.............................................................................................................. 4 4.2 Dokümantasyon şartları ........................................................................................... 4 5 Yönetim sorumluluğu................................................................................................ 5 5.1 Yönetimin taahhüdü ................................................................................................. 5 5.2 Gıda güvenliği politikası ............................................................................................ 5 5.3 Gıda güvenliği yönetim sisteminin planlanması ........................................................ 5 5.4 Sorumluluk ve yetki .................................................................................................. 5 5.5 Gıda güvenliği ekip lideri ........................................................................................... 6 5.6 İletişim ...................................................................................................................... 6 5.7 Acil durumlara hazırlılık ve müdahale ....................................................................... 7 5.8 Yönetimin gözden geçirmesi ..................................................................................... 7 6 Kaynak yönetimi......................................................................................................... 7 6.1 Kaynakların sağlanması............................................................................................ 7 6.2 İnsan kaynakları ....................................................................................................... 7 6.3 Alt yapı...................................................................................................................... 8 6.4 Çalışma ortamı............................................................................................... Sağlıklı Gıda Üretimi İçin ŞartlarıISO 22000 Gıda Güvenliği Yönetim Sistemi

  25. 7 Güvenli ürün planlama ve gerçekleştirme .......................................... 8 7.1 Genel...................................................................................................................... 8 7.2 Ön gereksinim programları...................................................................................... 8 7.3 Tehlike analizlerini gerçekleştirmenin birincil aşamaları ......................................... 9 7.4 Tehlike analizi ........................................................................................................10 7.5 Operasyonel ön gereksinim programlarının oluşturulması..................................... 11 7.6 HACCP planının oluşturulması ............................................................................. 12 7.7 OGP ve HACCP planlarında belirtilen başlangıç bilgi ve dokümanların güncelleştirilmesi . 12 7.8 Doğrulama planlaması ....................................................................... ......... 13 7.9 İzlenebilirlik sistemi .............................................................................................. 13 7.10 Uygunsuzluk kontrolü....................................................................................... .. 13 8 Gıda güvenliği yönetim sisteminin geçerli kılınması, doğrulanması ve iyileştirilmesi158.1 Genel................................................................................................................. ……..15 8.2 Kontrol önlem kombinasyonlarının geçerli kılınması................................... …….15 8.3 İzleme ve ölçmeni kontrolü................................................................ ……………15 8.4 Gıda güvenliği yönetim sisteminin doğrulanması....................................................................................... ……………….16 8.5 İyileştirme ............................................................................................................ 17 Sağlıklı Gıda Üretimi İçin ŞartlarıISO 22000 Gıda Güvenliği Yönetim Sistemi

  26. HACCP planının oluşturulması HACCP planı Saptanan her bir kritik kontrol noktası (KKN) için HACCP planı yazılı hale getirilmeli ve aşağıdaki bilgileri içermelidir; a) KKN da kontrol edilen gıda güvenliği tehlikesi/tehlikeleri (Madde 7.4.4), b) Kontrol önlemi/önlemleri (Madde 7.4.4), c) Kritik limit/limitleri (Madde 7.6.3), d) İzleme prosedürü/prosedürleri (Madde 7.6.4), e) Kritik limitlerin aşılması hâlinde uygulanacak düzeltici faaliyet/faaliyetler (Madde 7.6.5), f) Sorumluluk ve yetkiler, g) İzleme kayıt/kayıtları, Güvenli ürün planlama ve gerçekleştirme

  27. HACCPkonusundaki temel çalışmalar, 1959’da NASA’nın uzay programları için sağladığı gıdalardaki uygulamalarla başlamıştır. NASA bu çalışma ile uzaya astronotlarla birlikte yolladığı gıdaların % 100 güvenliğini sağlamayı amaçlamıştır. Gıda endüstrisinde HACCP uygulamaları 1993’te AB ülkelerinin yasalarına girmiş ve 1996’dan başlayarak zorunlu kılınmıştır. Türk gıda sanayisinde HACCP uygulamalarına, 1997’de yürürlük alan Türk Kıda Kodeksiile zorunluk getirilmiştir. TS 13001 HACCP :Gıda Güvenliği Yönetim Sistemi.(Tehlike Analizi ve Kritik Kontrol Noktaları)

  28. HACCP ilk kez, 1971’de uzaya gidecek astronotların gıdalarında mikrobiyolojik güvenliği sağlamak amacı ile Pillsburry firması ile NASA’nın işbirliği yapması ile uygulandı. Ardından 1988’de ICMSF(InternationalCommission on MicrobiologicalSpecificationsforFoodsGıdalar için Mikrobiyolojik Özellikleri Uluslararası KOMİSİYON) tarafından, 1992’de NACMCF (NationalAdvisoryCommittee on MicrobiologicalCriteriaforFoods Gıdalar için Mikrobiyolojik Kriterler Üzerine Ulusal Danışma KURULU) tarafından, 1993’te de CodexAlimentariusCommissiontarafından kabul edildi. TS 13001 HACCP :Gıda Güvenliği Yönetim Sistemi.(Tehlike Analizi ve Kritik Kontrol Noktaları)

  29. HACCP sistemi, gıda zincirini hammadde üreticisinden tüketime dek kapsayan, her türlü olası tehlikenin önceden değerlendirilerek gerekli önlemlerinin alınmasıyla risklerin en aza indirildiği pro-aktif (öngelen) bir “risk yönetim” sistemidir. Başarılı bir HACCPuygulaması, üst yönetimden başlayarak her aşamada çalışan tüm personelin bu sistemi benimsemesi ve disiplinli bir ‘takım’ (ekip) çalışmasıyla sorumluluklarını sürekli olarak yerine getirmesini gerektirir. HACCP Sistemi(Hazardous Action Critical Control Points)

  30. HACCP; İşlevleri birbirine bağımlı olan, birbirini etkileyen ve birbirinden etkilenen, Kendine özgü kurulu düzenekleri bulunan, İzlenebilen, denetlenen Örgütlü (Organize) ağ yapılarından oluşmaktadır. Gıda üreten işletmelerde daha kuruluş aşamasında yerleştirilmiş olması gerekenGHP (İyi Hijyen Uygulamaları), SSOP (Standart Sanitasyon Operasyon Prosedürleri) ve GMP (İyi Üretim Uygulamaları) gibi öngereksinim programları ise, HACCP sitemi için, hem etkilendiği, hem etkilediği, sürekli etkileşime (interaksiyona) girdiği, altyapı niteliğinde vazgeçilemez önkoşullardır. HACCP Sistemi

  31. Foodlegislation in Turkey • Until 1995, our country conducts food service, there were many organizations. • Ministryof Health • Ministryof Agriculture and RuralAffairs • Ministry of Industry and Trade • Ministry of theInterior • Ministryof Financeand Customs • Ministry of Justice • Undersecretariat of ForeignTrade • TurkishStandardsInstitute

  32. Foodlegislation in Turkey-2 • Pursuant to― (28 Haziran 1995) -“Gıdaların Üretimi, Tüketimi ve Denetlenmesine Dair” 560 sayılı Kanun Hükmünde Kararname ve bu Kararnamede değişiklik yapan (7 Kasım 1995) -4128 sayılı Kanun―, Ministry of Health and Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs began to be fulfilled jointly by. • In order to ensure the collection of all powers in one hand, thelaw ―5179 sayılı “Gıdaların Üretimi, Tüketimi ve Denetlenmesine Dair Kanun Hükmünde Kararnamenin Değiştirilerek Kabulü Hakkında Kanun”― has beenadoptedbyour legislative body by Parliament (TBMM), on 5 June 2004 and it was published in Official Gazette No. 25483. • Finaly―5179 Sayılı Gıdaların Üretimi Tüketimi ve Denetlenmesine Dair Kanun Hükmünde Kararnamenin Değiştirilerek Kabulü Hakkında Kanun― enacted in Parliament on 27.5.2004 andenteredintoforce on 05.6.2004, bybeingpublished in theOfficialGazette No. 25483.

  33. Regulations in Turkey • Bitkisel Gıda ve Yemin İhracatında Sağlık Sertifikası Düzenlenmesi ve İhracattan Geri Dönen Ürünler İçin Uygulama Yönetmeliği • Gıda Güvenliği ve Kalitesinin Denetimi ve Kontrolüne Dair Yönetmelik • Gıdaların Üretimi Tüketimi ve Denetlenmesine Dair Yönetmelik • Gıda Üretim ve Satış Yerleri Hakkında Yönetmelik • Gıda ve Gıda ile Temasta Bulunan Madde ve Malzemelerin Piyasa Gözetimi, Kontrolü ve Denetimi ile İşyeri Sorumluluklarına Dair Yönetmelik • Gıda ve Gıda ile Temas Eden Madde ve Malzemeleri Üreten İş Yerlerinin Çalışma İzni ve Gıda Sicili Ve Üretim İzni İşlemleri İle Sorumlu Yönetici İstihdamı Hakkında Yönetmelik • Çalışma İzni ve Gıda Sicili, Üretim izni Hakkında Yönetmelik

  34. SafeFoodHealthyLifestyleCampaign • 2009was declared as the year of food. • Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,was campaigning with the slogan 'Reliable food and wellness' for all the year. • During the campaign, "174 Food Line " wascreated • 24 hours seven days, in relation to food and food contact materials of all kinds from the denunciations, complaints will be evaluated and will be solved

  35. References • Maxcy-Rosenau-Last,PublicHealthandPreventiveMedicine,EnsuringFoodSafety, Robert B.Wallace, NealKohatsu, 2008 • Oxford Textbook of PublicHealth, FoodandNutrition, RogerDetels, Robert Beaglehole, Mary AnnLansang, Martin Gulliford, Oxford UnivercityPress, 2009 • Çevre Sağlığı, Besin Kirliliği ve Önlenmesi, Prof.Dr.Çağatay GÜLER, 2012 • Halk Sağlığı Temel Bilgiler, Toplum Beslenmesi, Prof.Dr.Çağatay Güler, Prof.Dr.Levent Akın, Hacettepe Üniversitesi Yayınları 2012 • Prof. Dr. A. Saltık, Ders notları, AÜTF Halk Sağlığı A.D

  36. Web Sources • Central forDisease Control andPrevention • http://www.cdc.gov/nczved/divisions/dfbmd/diseases/campylobacter/(lastaccessdate: 19.12.2013) • Food Safety for Moms-To-Be: While You're Pregnant - Listeria • http://www.fda.gov/food/foodborneillnesscontaminants/peopleatrisk/ucm083320.htm(lastaccessdate: 19.12.2013) • Guidelines for Food Safety and Good Sanitation Practices • http://www.claytoncountypublichealth.org/envir-health/food-service/guidelines-for-food-safety-and-good-sanitation.aspx(lastaccessdate:19.12.2013) • ChemicalHazards • http://www.foodsafety.unl.edu/haccp/start/chemical.html(lastaccessdate: 23.12.2013) • FoodSafety: 20 questions on genetically modified foods http://www.who.int/foodsafety/publications/biotech/20questions/en/ (lastaccessdate: 23.12.2013)

More Related