Phonetics… Sound Principles

1. Phonetics… Sound Principles Chapter 3

2. Clicker Test I am ready for class to begin

3. By the End of this Unit… • You will be able to transcribe this:

4. Audio Ambiguity • I scream ~ Ice Cream • Grade A • The sun’s rays meet • It’s hard to recognize speech

5. Sound Safari – I • Find ‘audio-ambiguity’ in the lyrics of a song. • Email me with: • the title • the lyrics with the ambiguity highlighted • what the words sound like to you • what the words really are • a sound file (if possible) • Choose I or II, or both for 1.5 total points…

6. Identical, but distinct • Write • ‘rite’ • ‘rait’ • Boiling Springs • Bowlin’ Spraings • Others?

7. Whaddya Think? How many ways can we spell the “long e” ([i]) sound? • 1 • 3 • 5 • 7

8. Speech vs. Orthography • Did he believe Caesar could see the people seize the seas? • Red • Green • Blue • You Tell Me: • The silly amoeba stole the key to the machine (identify the [i]’s)

9. Name One (at least) of… • The 4 ways [f] is spelled… • The 6 ways “a” is pronounced • Multiple letters making only one sound • <gh> in “enough” • Find another…

10. Why so Many Discrepancies? • Developmental influences • Old system • Global language • Phonological changes (next chapter) • Variation in speech & writing

11. Whaddya Think? The USA mandate a spelling system with a “one for one” correspondence between spoken & written words

12. Phonetics Defined • The branch of linguistics that studies the inventory and structure of the sounds of speech

13. Have U Read Yet…? Which of the following is NOT a branch of Phonetics ? • Acoustic (how sounds are heard) • Articulatory (how sounds are made) • Computational (how sounds are digitized) • All are branches of Phonetics

14. IPA • Familiarize yourself • Charts inside the covers of the textbook front (vowels) & back (consonants) • Focus on American English sounds…

15. Looking Ahead… Which of the following will you need to do with IPA symbols? • Produce each sound • Identify sounds from description • Provide description of sounds • Transcribe words • All of the above

16. Any Questions… …before we move on? (…breathe, stretch, move around…)

17. Phonetic Safari • Using the words below, the illustration on page 82, and a mirror (if possible), identify where the consonant sounds in the words below are produced. fee gee key knee lee me pea see she tea thee wee ye 2 lipstop lip/teeth/ hardsmoothsoftbtm teethtongueridge slope spot Where?  

18. Also “he”… Phonetic Safari 2 lipstop lip/teeth/ hardsmoothsoftbtm teeth tongue ridge slope spot pea tea key fee thee see she gee me knee lee ye wee Transcribe each word… The vowel for each is [i] What other words can you find for each ‘place of articulation’?

19. Place of Articulation • Bilabial (two lips together) • Labiodental (teeth meet lips) • Interdental (tongue between teeth) • Alveolar (tongue on Alv. Ridge) • Alveolarpalatal (tongue btn A.R. & palate) • Velar (back of tongue on velum) • Glotttal (epiglottis stops air flow) What are these?(try it without the chart first…)

20. Vocal Tract (for SAE sounds): • Nasal Cavity (nasal) • Soft Palate(Velum) (velar) • Epiglottis (glottal) • Vocal cords (voicing) • Tongue – Back (vowels) • Tongue – Front (vowels) • Tongue – Tip (vowels) • Teeth (dental) • Lips (labi-) • Alveolar Ridge (alveo-) • Hard Palate (palatal) A B K J I G F E H C D Be ready to identify these areas and talk about what sounds they produce.

21. Where Do We Articulate: • thine • wine • pine • vine • tine • dine • fine What’s the difference between “tine” & “dine” Between “vine” & “fine”

22. What other words can you find where voiced & voiceless makes a difference in meaning? Voiced or Voiceless? • Put your hands over your earsOR on your larynx: • [s] bussip • [z] buzzzip • thin tooth • these bathe • Except for ‘Approximates’, on the chartthe 1st line = voiceless, 2nd line = voiced

23. IPA • Familiarize yourself • Charts inside the covers of the textbook front (vowels) & back (consonants) • Be able to: • Produce each sound • Identify sounds from description • Provide description of sounds • Transcribe words

24. Fill in the IPA Symbols… She sees oranges and apples

25. What’s the difference? • Pronounce each of the following • [p] & [t] • [t] & [k] • [k] & [g] • [ f ] & [ h ] • [ l ] & [ j ]

26. Consonants (inside the back cover) • Manners of Articulation • Places of Articulation • Chart follows the mouth – front to back… • Approximates

27. Find words for each… Manner of Articulation • Stop (stops air flow) • Nasal (air  into nasal cavity) • Fricative (air barely escapes) • Affricate (stop + fricative) • Approximate (almost a vowel…) What are these?(try it without the chart first…)

28. Get Some Exercise • Find Place & Manner for • What’re the IPA symbols for these sounds: • Voiced interdental fricative • Glottal fricative • Voiceless alveopalatal affricate • High front tense vowel • How can the following sounds be categorized?

29. Any Questions… …before we move on? (…breathe, stretch, move around…)

30. Vowel Matters • Try it yourself: • Say “key” then “caw” • Try not to move your tongue… • Does it sound normal?

31. Vowels • Tongue • Lips • Nasalization • Diphthongs

32. Vowel Chart

33. Do It Together • Based on someone’s pronunciation, transcribe the vowels in these words. Which pairs have the same vowel? back [ ] sat [ ] cot [ ] caught [ ] ooze [ ] deuce [ ] mouse [ ] cow [ ] hide [ ] height [ ] Challenge:Transcribe the whole word for one column or both…

34. Transcription Practice • Using the charts in your textbook, transcribe your name & the name of a person next to you….

35. Small Group Practice • As a group, transcribe these words. play chance dreadcrazy shout bathjust yes ringbridge five toymast then taste

36. Sample Transcription Simplified from: http://web.ku.edu/idea/caribbean/cuba/cuba1.mp3

37. Now You Try It

38. For your Transcription • Select 1 minute of speech from: http://web.ku.edu/idea/dialectmap.htm • Use the Charts • See also: http://www.paulmeier.com/ipa/charts.html Here’s another site that helps you visualize making sounds, but beware, ‘Sammy’ covers symbols we don’t… http://www.chass.utoronto.ca/%7Edanhall/phonetics/sammy.html

39. Any Questions… …before we move on? (…breathe, stretch, move around…)

40. Suprasegmentals (prosodic features) • Length Ooooouuuuch! • Pitch “e” … vs. Eeeek! • Loudness ‘Hi’ vs. HI! • Stress She said what? • Tone Mom vs. (aww)Môm

41. Representing Sounds • Transcription • Syllables • Segments • Features

42. Get Some Exercise • Transcription: • “I scream for ice cream” • Segments • How many in “I scream for ice cream”? • Syllables • How many in “I scream for ice cream”? • Features • What are the features of [s], [m], and [i]?

43. Kinds of Sound Change • Assimilation (become more alike) • Nasalization • Voicing • Flapping • Dissimilation (become less alike) • Metathesis (shift sounds around) • Epenthesis // Intrusion (add a sound) • Other • Elision // Deletion (take a sound away) • Vowel Reduction (shorten or ‘schwa’ a sound)

44. Kinds of Sound Change

45. If You Were in Charge… Revisited …would you implement a spelling system with a “one for one” correspondence between spoken & written words? Why or Why Not?

46. For Fun… • How to Pronounce GHOTI • http://www.yourdictionary.com/library/ling006.html

47. Exercises • Be aware of these: • 3-1,2,3,4,5,7,10 • Spend time on these • 3-11,12,13 • Read Chapter 4 • Keep working on your transcription