US Foreign Policy 1959-1965

1. US Foreign Policy 1959-1965 Ch. 22, Sec 3

2. JFK & LBJ faced many _________________, in addition to domestic ones. • 1959-Cuba- US-supported leader __________ __________ overthrown by ______________. • Supported by many Cubans; believed Castro would help “poor exploited by rich Cubans & US business”. • Castro __________________ (seized & run by gov’t) many foreign businesses. • US broke off relations, refused to accept Castro as legitimate leader. • Castro __________________________________. • US began to see Castro as threat.

3. Under Ike, _____________________________ developed plan to overthrow Castro. • JFK informed, supported plan. • CIA trained ____________________________ to invade, overthrow Castro. • Expected Cuban people to rise up & help. • April 17, 1961-____________________ began. • 15,000 Cubans invaded, stopped by Cuban troops. • JFK refused to order promised airstrikes to support attack. • ________________________________________. • Bay of Pigs greatly hurt US standing in world. • Made JFK look weak.

4. The Berlin Crisis • After WWII, Germany was divided into 4, then 2 zones. • Zones became East Germany (Communist) & West Germany (Democratic). • ______, in East Germany, also divided into two zones. • After Stalin died, __________________________ became Premier of USSR. • At first meeting, JFK felt Khrushchev bullied, mistreated him; JFK wanted to show US could no be bullied. • Added ___________ in defense spending, increased draft, had ______________________ built across US. • JFK went on tv, reasserted US commitment to West Berlin, West Germany.

5. August 1961-USSR responded by building ____________________. • __________________________, prevented East Germans from escaping. • Became THE symbol of Cold War. • JFK spoke at Wall, “_____________________”. • JFK and all Presidents through Reagan asserted that US would protect freedom in Germany.

6. Cuban Missile Crisis • After Bay of Pigs, _______________________ Castro. • Began building ____________________ in Cuba, bringing in nukes. • October 16, 1962, US spy plane took photos of missile sites, began _____________________. • Missiles in Cuba threatened all of US. • US had _______________________ pointed at USSR, same situation.

7. JFK came up with four possible US responses: • ________________________________. • ________________ • Gave USSR time to finish missile bases, could make JFK & US look weak. • _______________________________. • Eliminate missile threat, ____________________________. • Attempted invasion failed before, could lead to nuclear war with USSR. • __________________________________. • Stop missile deliveries, force USSR to back off or go to war. • Not sure how Khrushchev would respond. • _____________________________. • Knock out missile sites. • Would ________________________________, and where?

8. October 22, 1963-JFK went on tv. • Announced he placed US forces on high alert, _________________________________________ • Said that US would respond if agreement was not reached by certain date-war. • October 25-USSR ship carrying oil stopped by blockade, allowed to proceed. • 12 more ships ordered by ___________________. • October 26-Khrushchev sent JFK letter saying __________________________________ if US would end blockade, stay out of Cuba. • Sent 2nd letter demanding US missiles be pulled out of Turkey.

9. JFK went on tv, accepted terms of first letter. • Secret negotiations led to JFK pulling missiles out of Turkey. • Were going to be removed in Nov. anyway. • Cuban Missile Crisis ended with ___________, USSR looked weak, backed down. • Led to better communication between US, USSR. • ____________ installed in White House, _______. • 1963-US, USSR, UK signed ___________________ ___________________. • Banned _______________________ nuclear testing.

10. Peaceful Policies • US, USSR also competing for allies in _______ ___________________________________. • JFK began ______________________________, invited Western Hemisphere nations to join. • Goal-meet basic needs for homes, _______________, health, schools in Americas. • US promised to spend $20 billion over 10 years. • Many nations viewed it as attempt to stop Communism, _______________________________. • Established ______________________ to send volunteers all over world as educators, health workers, technicians to help developing nations. • Moderately successful program.

11. LBJ’s Foreign Policy • Followed Truman Doctrine. • 1965-Military gov’t in ___________________ being attacked by (Communist?) rebels. • LBJ sent in _____________________ to restore order. • Rebels stopped, elections held 1966, democracy created. • JFK & LBJ both concerned with spreading Communism in _________________. • JFK sent _________________________________ to help S. Vietnam military fight Communist N. Vietnam. • LBJ did not want to escalate action in Vietnam, but was forced to in 1965.