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Career Decision-Making

Career Decision-Making. Discuss: Three approaches to CDM D. Tiedeman’s Process Approach A. Tiedeman’s Spiritual Approach G. Peterson’s Cognitive Approach Video Clip Class Activities. Introduction to Career Decision-Making Approaches. Descriptive (2) -

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Career Decision-Making

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  1. Career Decision-Making • Discuss: • Three approaches to CDM • D. Tiedeman’s Process Approach • A. Tiedeman’s Spiritual Approach • G. Peterson’s Cognitive Approach • Video Clip • Class Activities

  2. Introduction to Career Decision-Making Approaches • Descriptive (2)- • Describes/explains the choices that an individual makes when deciding on career choices • Tend to be based on studies of adolescent or adult decision making • (Sharf, 2002. pg. 374)

  3. Introduction to Career Decision-Making Approaches • Prescriptive (1)- • Focus on an ideal approach to decision making • Originate with psychological decision-making theory or observations of cognitive decision making processes. • **The above categories lead to 2 extremely different ways of viewing career decision making** • (Sharf, 2002. pg. 374)

  4. Tiedeman’s Perspective • Influenced by: • White’s individualistic approach • Erickson’s study of ego Dvlpmnt • Super and Ginzberg, Ginsburg, Axelrad, and Herma’s developmental approach, to career development. • Worked closely with O’Hara • (Sharf, 2002. pg. 376)

  5. Tiedeman’s Perspective (cont’d) • Gradual Development and Commitment to choice in two stages: • Anticipation (4 stages): • Exploration- unsystematic leads • Crystallization- definition of thought • Choice- (un)conscious awareness • Clarification- time to reassess • (Sharf, 2002. pg. 376-379)

  6. Tiedeman’s Perspective (cont’d) • Adjusting (3 stages): • Induction- implements choice • Reformation- belonging vs rejection • Integration- normalcy sets in • (Sharf, 2002. pg. 380) • Research (pg 381)

  7. Spirituality • Life is one’s career; a career is not a job. • Each individual is his or her own theory maker. • (Sharf, 2002, pg 382-388)

  8. Spirituality- Personal & Common Realities • Personal reality refers to an individual’s sense of what is right. • Common reality is what others say the individual should do. • (Sharf, 2002, pg 382-388)

  9. Spirituality • Change- change is inevitable, occurring at many times throughout one’s life career. • Balance- circumstances in our lives cause us to seek a balance among the many roles that we may play. • Energy- in order to bring about change and balance in one’s life there must be energy. • (Sharf, 2002, pg 382-388)

  10. Spirituality (continued) • Community- there are three types of communities that individuals are likely to participate in: communities of companionship, communities of culture and the cosmic community. • Calling- refers to finding one’s ideal work. • (Sharf, 2002, pg 382-388)

  11. Spirituality (continued) • Harmony- finding the work that will bring about a true sense of appreciation and understanding. • Unity- unity of career refers to feeling a sense of flow or being totally involved in one’s work, to be a part of the work, not apart from it. • (Sharf, 2002, pg 382-388)

  12. Cognitive Approach • A.Gary Peterson, James Samson, Robert Reardon, and Janet Lenz • B. The Pyramid of Information Processing (pg.393) • 1. Knowledge Domains • Self-Knowledge • Occupational Knowledge • 2. Decision-Making Skills Domain • A. CASVE (pg.397) • (Sharf, 2002, pg 391-404)

  13. Cognitive Approach (cont’d) • 3. Executive Processing Domain • A. Self-Talk • B. Self-Awareness • C. Monitoring and Control • C. Career Thoughts Inventory • 1. Decision-Making Confusion • 2. External Conflict • 3. Commitment Anxiety • (Sharf, 2002, pg 391-404)

  14. Cognitive Approach- 7-step Service Delivery Sequence • Initial interview • Preliminary Assessment • Define problem and analyze causes • Formulate goals • Develop individual learning plan • Execute individual learning plan • Summative review and generalization • (Sharf, 2002, pg 404-5)

  15. Career Decision-Making Approaches:Applied to Women & Diverse Cultures • Lack of research offers little information • Spiritual and Cognitive Counselors would try to apply their approach to all genders & cultures. • Potential for research • (Sharf, 2002, pg 407)

  16. Video Clip – Nothing to Lose Video Clip – Nothing to Lose • Career Decision-Making Related • Did you hear positive or negative self-talk? What was it? • Do you think he has a personal or common reality? • Later in the movie, he finds a job that is in the field of computers!! • Provide a bit of Comic-Relief • Activities

  17. Cognitive Decision Making • 1.  Separate into three groups. • 2.  One group member will take on the role of client, and the rest of the group will be counselors. • 3. Client is to improvise as needed. • 4.  Counselors- this is the third session, and rapport has been established. • 5.  Help client become aware and explore negative self-talk. ex: "I am a loser." • "When one is aware of one's decision making, negative self-talk can be labeled and then changed” (Sharf, 402).

  18. Spiritual Decision Making • Personal reality refers to an individual’s sense of what is right. • Common reality is what others say the individual should do. • Get into groups of two and discuss your own personal and common realities. • Class processing of conclusions.

  19. Process Presentation • Review: • Questions from Video: • Did you hear positive or negative self-talk? What was it? • Do you think he has a personal or common reality? • Later in the movie, he finds a job that is in the field of computers!! • Reason for Activity

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