STRUCTURE

1. CELL STRUCTURE & FUNCTION NOTES

2. A. CELL THEORY 1) All living things are made of one or more cells. 2) Cells are the basic unit of structure and function in living things. 3) Living cells come only from other living cells.

3. B) Two Types of Cells: 1) EUKARYOTIC CELLS: • These cells have a nucleus. • Nucleus is a membrane covered organelle that holds the DNA. • Examples are plant and animal cells. 2) PROKARYOTIC CELLS: • These cells DO NOT have a nucleus. • DNA exists in loops that floats freely in the cell. • An example is bacteria

4. Eukaryotic Cell Prokaryotic Cell

5. C) ANIMAL VS. PLANT CELLS: No Cell wall Cell wall Small Vacuoles Large Vacuoles Large No Chloroplasts Chloroplasts

6. Elodea leaf “Tiny Solar Panels”

7. C) SOME CELL TERMS & STRUCTURES: 1) ORGANELLES: • tiny organs in the cell. 2) CYTOPLASM: • fluid filling inside the cell membrane. • makes up the majority of cell’s mass.

8. Organelles Cytoplasm

9. 3) CELL MEMBRANE • controls movement of materials into and out of the cell • holds cell together Cell membrane Animal Cell

10. Cell membrane Animal Cell

11. Phospholipids Cell membrane Animal Cell

15. Phospholipids Cell membrane Animal Cell

16. Plant Cell

17. Cell wall Plant Cell Cell membrane

18. 4) CELL WALL • found in plant cells not animal cells • provides strength and support for plant cells. • made of cellulose (long chains of sugar molecules)

19. Elodea leaf

20. C) ORGANELLES OF CELLS: • 1) Nucleus: • the control center of the cell • stores DNA (a) nucleolus - dark spot inside the nucleus, which makes ribosomes.

21. Nucleus Animal Cell DNA Nucleolus Nuclear membrane

22. (b) nuclear membrane - controls movement of materials in and out of nucleus. (c) DNA - stores information for making proteins

23. 2) RIBOSOME tiny grain like particles usually found along the E.R. proteins are made here Ribosome Proteins Amino acids

24. Endoplasmic reticulum Endoplasmic reticulum Animal Cell

25. Endoplasmic reticulum Endoplasmic reticulum Ribosome Animal Cell

26. 3) Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER): • makes lipids • the delivery system of the cell for compounds such as proteins through its tubular connections.

27. Mitochondria Outer membrane Inner membrane • 4) Mitochondria: • the “Power House” of the cell • releases energy packets of ATP for use in the cell.

28. Chloroplast Outer membrane Inner membrane • 5) Chloroplast: • “Solar Panels” for capturing energy • they use energy from sunlight to make food in plant cells (i.e. glucose).

29. Vacuole Chloroplast Mitochondria Plant Cell Cell membrane

30. Vacuole Animal Cell Plant Cell • 6) Vacuole: • “Storage Tanks” of the cell • store water, food and waste.

31. Animal Cell

32. Golgi complex Animal Cell • 7) Golgi body: • packages and transports materials out of the cell.

33. Vesicle with food Animal Cell Lysosome • 8) Lysosome: • “Clean-up and Recycling Crew” • digest food particles, wastes, cell parts, and foreign invaders.

34. On page 98 in Textbook

35. Today’s Objectives: • You will be able to do the following: • List 3 parts of cell theory. • List 2 cell types & one characteristic for each. • List 3 differences between plant and animal cells. 2) You will practice the following language objectives: • Listen and write notes about cells. • Discuss with lab partner and class the key points of today’s lesson.