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Speech Disorders

Speech Disorders. Dr Mohamad Shehadeh Agha MD MRCP (UK). Process of speech. Hearing deafness Understanding aphasia Thought and word finding Voice production dysphonia

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Speech Disorders

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  1. Speech Disorders Dr Mohamad Shehadeh Agha MD MRCP (UK)

  2. Process of speech Hearing deafness Understanding aphasia Thought and word finding Voice production dysphonia Articulation dysarthria

  3. Aphasia The lesion here is in the dominant hemisphere The dominant hemisphere is on the left in right handed subjects and half the left handed subjects 85% of people are right handed and 15% are left handed

  4. Mechanism Concept area Wernicke’s area Broca;s area Hearing Voice production &articulation

  5. Mechanism Concept area Wernicke’s area Broca;s area Hearing Voice production &articulation

  6. Wernicke’s aphasia Poor comprehension Fluent but meaningless speech No repetition May be associated with field defect Wernike’s area is the supramarginal gyrus of the parietal lobe and upper part of the temporal lobe

  7. Mechanism Concept area Wernicke’s area Broca;s area Hearing Voice production &articulation

  8. Transcortical sensory aphasia Poor comprehension Fluent but meaningless speech Preserved repetition The lesion is in the posterior parieto-occipital region

  9. Mechanism Concept area Wernicke’s area Broca;s area Hearing Voice production &articulation

  10. Broca’s aphasia Preserved comprehension Non-fluent speech No repetition May be associated with a hemiplegia Broca’s area is in the inferior frontal gyrus

  11. Mechanism Concept area Wernicke’s area Broca;s area Hearing Voice production &articulation

  12. Transcortical motor aphasia Preserved comprehension Non-fluent speech Preserved repetition Incomplete lesion in the Broca’s area

  13. Mechanism Concept area Wernicke’s area Broca;s area Hearing Voice production &articulation

  14. Conductive aphasia Loss of repetition Preserved comprehension Preserved output The lesion is in the arcuate fasciculus

  15. Global aphasia The lesion is in the dominant hemisphere Affects both Wernicke’s and Broca’s areas

  16. Nominal aphasia Inability to words finding and naming The lesion is the angular gyrus

  17. Dysarthria Voice production requires coordination of breathing, vocal cords, larynx, palate, tongue and lips

  18. Spastic dysarthria Slurred Patient hardly opens his mouth As if he is trying to speak from the back of his mouth Bilateral upper motor neuron weakness

  19. Extrapyramidal dysarthria Monotonous No rhythm Sentences suddenly start and stop Common causes parkinsonism

  20. Cerebellar dysarthria Slurred as if drunk Disjointed rhythm Scanning speech ( with equal emphasis on each syllable)

  21. Lower motor neurone dysarthria Palatal: nasal speech, as with a bad cold CN X Tongue: distorted speech, especially letters t, s, d CN XII Facial: difficulty with b, p, m, w CN VII

  22. Myasthenic speech Muscle fatigability During speech dysphonia and dysarthria

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