REVIEW Nutrition & Digestion

1. REVIEWNutrition & Digestion

2. 1. Explain what a food label tells you. The nutritional facts found in processed foods.

3. 2. How is energy measured in food? • calories 3. Identify the 6 types of nutrients. • Carbs, proteins, lipids, vitamins, minerals, water

4. 4. Identify the following information for the food to the left. a. Serving size b. Total carbohydrates c. Calories d. Protein 5. How many calories would you consume if you ate 2 servings of these crackers? 2 crackers/14g 10g 60 2g 120 calories

5. 6. Identify the nutrient being described: a. Builds and repairs • proteins b. The body needs 14 of these • minerals c. Main source of energy • Carbohydrates

6. 6. Identify the nutrient being described: d. Made of amino acids • proteins e. Stores energy • Lipids/fat f. Makes up most of the body • water

7. 7. The main function of the human digestive system is to (1) break down foods for absorption into the blood (2) exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide in the lungs (3) release energy from sugars within the cells (4) carry nutrients to all parts of the body 8. Nutrients from digested food enter the blood stream through the process of (1) absorption (3) respiration (2) elimination (4) secretion 9. Which substance provides humans with their main source of energy? (1) food (2) carbon dioxide (3) water (4) chlorophyll

8. 10.

9. 11. Identify each structure labeled in the diagram. oral cavity/mouth gall bladder stomach pancreas large intestine small intestine rectum

10. 12. Where does protein digestion begin? • 13. What is the function of F? • 14. Where are nutrients absorbed into the blood? In the stomach Absorb water In the small intestine/villi

11. 15. What does C produce? Where does it go? 16. What is the function of G? 17 Chemical digestion is completed in this structure. 18. What type of digestion occurs in A? Pancreatic juice Small intestine/duodenum store bile small intestine/duodenum mechanical and chemical

12. 19. What is the name of this process? What is its function? 20. Where in the digestive tract does this process occur? • peristalsis • To push food through the digestive tract esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine

13. 21. What is structure F? What is the function of this substance? 22. Identify structure B. What kind of digestion occurs here? 23. What is the function of structure A? • liver • to produce bile • stomach • Chemical digestion of proteins by pepsin • Mechanical digestion (wall of stomach churns food) Pushes food down into the stomach using peristalsis

14. 24. Through which of these structures does food pass? • 25. Which organs are not part of the digestive tract? How do they aid in digestion? Esophagus (A) Small intestine (D) Stomach (B) • Liver (F) – produces bile that goes to the SI • Gall bladder (E) – stores bile • Pancreas (C) – releases pancreatic juice into SI

15. Where most chemical digestion occurs • Where chemical digestion is completed • Lined with VILLI which absorb nutrients into the blood 26. Describe the role of the small intestine in digestion.

16. 27. Identify the labeled organs. A- mouth B - Esophagus C – Stomach D – Pancreas E - Large intestine F - Appendix G - Small intestine H – Gall bladder I - Liver

17. 28. Through what organs does food pass? (in order) mouth Esophagus Stomach Small intestine Large intestine Rectum Anus

18. 29. Where excess water reabsorbed? 30. What occurs in structure G? 31. What does I produce? Where does it go? 32. This is where chemical digestion begins. 33. This is where chemical digestion ends. Large intestine Villi absorb nutrients into blood Bile – into small intestine mouth Small intestine/duodenum

19. 34. Identify organs where there is no digestion occurring. Esophagus Liver Salivary glands Pancreas Gall bladder

20. 35. Explain the difference between mechanical and chemical digestion. Mechanical is a physical breakdown, while chemical digestion breaks down complex molecules into more simple molecules using enzymes.

21. 36. Where does mechanical digestion begin? How? • Mouth – teeth grind up food 37. Where does chemical digestion begin? How? • Mouth – ptyalin/salivary amylase in saliva starts to chemically break down starches into sugar 38. Where does chemical digestion end? • Duodenum (small intestine)

22. 39. Where does most chemical digestion occur? • Duodenum (small intestine) 40. Where and how are nutrients absorbed once food has been completely broken down. • They are absorbed in the villi of the small intestine by diffusion.

23. 41. Identify the digestive organ described. a. Where the digestion of protein begins. stomach b. Where mechanical digestion begins. mouth c. Site of water absorption. Large intestine d. All chemical digestion is completed here. Duodenum (SI)

24. 41. Identify the digestive organ described. e. Where the breakdown of starch begins. mouth f. Where bile is stored. Gall bladder g. Releases many enzymes into the SI. pancreas

25. 41. Identify the digestive organ described. h. Pushes food into the stomach. esophagus i. Where the absorption of nutrients occurs. Small intestine/villi j. Lining is protected by a mucus layer. stomach

26. 42. What enzyme is found in saliva? What does it break down? Salivary amylase/ptylin Carbohydrates (starches sugar) 43. What enzyme is produced in the stomach? What does it break down? Pepsin protein

27. 44. There are many enzymes found in intestinal juice made in the small intestine. What do they break down? Carbohydrates and proteins 45. There are many enzymes found in pancreatic juice. What do they break down? Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins 46. Is bile an enzyme? Why or why not? Bile is not an enzyme because it emulsifies fat. IT breaks down large droplets of fat into smaller droplets which is mechanical digestion, not chemical digestion.

28. 47 Salivary gland mouth epiglottis esophagus liver stomach Gall bladder duodenum pancreas Large intestine Small intestine appendix anus