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Peanut Weed Control in the Southeast - An Overview

Peanut Weed Control in the Southeast - An Overview. Eric P. Prostko, W. Carroll Johnson, III, Nathan Smith (GA) Barry J. Brecke and Jay Ferrell (FL) John Everest and C. Dale Monks (AL). 2004 U.S. Peanut Production Acres Planted - %. 1,386,000 Acres Planted in US

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Peanut Weed Control in the Southeast - An Overview

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  1. Peanut Weed Control in the Southeast - An Overview Eric P. Prostko, W. Carroll Johnson, III, Nathan Smith (GA) Barry J. Brecke and Jay Ferrell (FL) John Everest and C. Dale Monks (AL)

  2. 2004 U.S. Peanut ProductionAcres Planted - % 1,386,000 Acres Planted in US 910,000 Acres harvested in SE (66%) Source: USDA June 2004

  3. The EnemiesTop 10 Most Troublesome Weeds (1-5) 1 2 SWSS 5 3 4 SWSS

  4. The EnemiesTop 10 Most Troublesome Weeds (6-10) 8 7 6 SWSS 9 10 10 SWSS

  5. Significant Changes That Have Occurred • twin rows • strip tillage • herbicide incorporation • decrease in older soil applied herbicides • increase in newer herbicides • cultivation • weed shifts

  6. Increases in Twin Row Production • Earlier canopy closure • increased yield and grade • decrease in TSWV • better weed control? • GA (50-60%)

  7. Trends in Peanut Weed ControlStrip-Tillage Production Source: UGA Peanut Production Surveys

  8. Weed Control ChallengesStrip-Tillage Peanuts • yellow herbicide application method • increased problems with …. • Florida pusley • Texas panicum • bermudagrass • more work is needed in this area

  9. Florida Pusley • Why??? • No DNA used • lack of activation • tie up on residue • untimely POST’s • the R word? • extreme measures • Prowl, Sonalan, Dual Magnum, Strongarm, and Valor • Gramoxone Max

  10. Herbicide IncorporationMechanical or Irrigation or * Equally as effective * Center-pivot irrigation is $2-7/A cheaper!

  11. Trends in Peanut Weed ControlSonalan or Prowl????? Source: UGA Peanut Production Surveys

  12. Trends in Peanut Weed ControlSoil-Applied Herbicides - I Source: UGA Peanut Production Surveys

  13. Trends in Peanut Weed ControlSoil-Applied Herbicides - II Source: UGA Peanut Production Surveys

  14. Trends in Peanut Weed ControlSoil-Applied Herbicides - III Source: UGA Peanut Production Surveys

  15. Trends in Peanut Weed ControlPostemergence Herbicides - I Source: UGA Peanut Production Surveys

  16. Trends in Peanut Weed ControlPostemergence Herbicides - II Source: UGA Peanut Production Surveys

  17. What herbicides do the top peanut growers use? • 2003 GA Peanut Achievement Club • 16 Farms • average farm size • 454 acres • average yield • 5141 lbs/A • Top 5 herbicides used • Sonalan = 94% • Cadre = 81% • Gramoxone Max = 56% • 2,4-DB = 50% • Valor, Basagran = 37%

  18. What happened to mechanical cultivation? • has been on the decline • fuel prices • better herbicides • twin rows • strip tillage • time • disease management • FL beggarweed germination Peanut Cultivation in GA Source: UGA Extension Agent Surveys

  19. New or Emerging Weed Problems • Weed shifts resulting from …….. • changes in tillage practices • changes in herbicide use patterns • Some we know a lot about, some we don’t

  20. Tropical Spiderwort • row spacing * twins vs. singles • residuals *Dual Magnum • POST’s * Gramoxone Max * Cadre * Basagran * Pursuit * Strongarm

  21. Tropical spiderwortHow bad is it????? Grady County, GA

  22. Groundcherry cutleaf • 3 common species • cutleaf (annual) • smooth (perennial) • clammy (perennial) • little information is known • cutleaf control • Dual/Outlook • Strongarm/Valor? • Ultra Blazer SWSS SWSS

  23. Hophornbeam copperleaf • western counties • more on roadsides • easily controlled with Strongarm, Valor, and Ultra Blazer

  24. Eclipta • Does well in wet, cool conditions • should not be a problem in peanuts • soil-applied • Strongarm, Valor, Spartan • postemergence • Basagran. Blazer, Storm

  25. Carpetweed • Not very competitive? • Soil-applied • Prowl, Sonalan, Dual, Strongarm, Spartan • postemergence • from Grichar • 2,4-DB (58%) • Cadre (80%) • Storm (95%) • Basagran (33%) • Blazer (100%) SWSS SWSS

  26. Purple Moonflower • Limited data • paraquat + Storm • Ultra Blazer • Cadre (?????) SWSS

  27. Pink Purslane • Limited data • soil-applied • Sonalan, Prowl, Dual, Valor • postemergence • paraquat + Storm or Basagran • Basagran, Blazer, Storm, 2,4-DB

  28. Spurges • Several species • hyssop, spotted, prostrate, nodding • limited data • Valor • Ultra Blazer • Storm

  29. Glyphosate Mishaps in Peanut!A growing concern!

  30. Roundup WeatherMax vs. Crop Oil

  31. Yield Losses Caused By Roundup Weather Max Applied to Virginia Peanuts @ 30 DAP. Source: Adapted from B. Robinson, NCSU (3 years of data)

  32. Where are we headed? • make do with what we got • only 1 herbicide in pipeline (Cobra) • 17 active ingredients • new uses for older products • combinations • reduced rates

  33. University of Georgia Extension Weed Science (gaweed.com)

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