Scope of Prevention and Mitigation (DRR)

1. Scope of Prevention and Mitigation (DRR) Presentation-4

2. Human Development • Improved access to education; • Improved access to health care and nutrition; • Safe housing and settlement structures; • Reduced gender inequality; • Institutional support structures for the weaker segments, like, differently abled persons, old people and orphans. • Income, asset and livelihood diversification; • Access to social safety nets. • Sharing local and traditional knowledge, participatory action research and social learning; • Building knowledge-sharing and learning platforms.

3. Poverty Alleviation • Improved access to and control of local resources; • Access to skill-generation facilities and services; • Greater involvement in decision-making; • Access to banking and insurance cover; • Protection of land rights and share in use of common lands; • Recognition of traditional rights and coping practices in regard to natural resources; • Appropriate changes in cropping, livestock and aquaculture practices.

4. Ecosystem Management • Maintaining wetlands and urban green spaces; • Watershed and reservoir management; • Identification of other stressors on ecosystems and of habitat fragmentation; • Maintenance of bio-diversity; • Protection of Village common lands; • Community-based rural resource management. • Protection of wildlife habitats and corridors; • Effective disease surveillance and treatment facilities for the wildlife.

5. Ecosystem management • Use of new varieties of crops and changes in cropping pattern; • Knowledge-sharing on use of chemicals in fields and monitoring of their impact on ecology; • Effective irrigation and water saving practices; • Soil health surveillance and management; • Assisted species migration and dispersal; • Creation of Seed Bank, Gene bank and other ex situ conservation.

6. Spatial or Land Use Planning • Managing development in flood prone and other high risk areas; • Express Zoning regulations for the ecologically sensitive areas; • Master Plans based on Intelligent Urban Planning principles and enforcement of zoning laws. • Building an informed community to check the misuse/manipulation of environment protection laws and rules; • Social audit of industrial and commercial establishments prone to cause air, water or land pollution. • Identification/construction/upgradation of Evacuation/Relief Centres for both human and cattle.

7. Structural safety • Upgrading building codes and practices to ensure safety of built environment; • Exploring new technological options; • Availability of open spaces; • Effective storm and wastewater management; • Effective solid waste management; • Moving to Integrated Transport Management practices; • Strict enforcement of fire and power safety norms. • Promotion of Green Infrastructure; • Evolving cost-effective retrofitting solutions and time-bound programme for retrofitting.

8. Institutional factors • Disaster Management Plans at all levels and their mainstreaming ; • Revisiting the existing laws and rules to align them to the needs of DRR and adaptation; • Simplification and standardisastion of processes and procedures for timely and effective response; • Creation/upgradation of institutional support mechanism within every agency of the government to take care of Prevention and Mitigation policies and programmes; • Special focus on local self-government institutions; • Strengthening of community level participatory planning mechanism.

9. Institutional factors • Building robust and credible Early warning Systems; • Comprehensive hazard and vulnerability mapping and monitoring; • Inventory of search and rescue equipments; • Creation of food and fodder banks and standardised process for their distribution to the needy; • Mapping of health care facilities and ensuring easy access to the information on available services; • Contingency plan for stockpiling essential medicines and medical equipments; • Contingency plan for setting up field hospitals and movement of specialists to the needy areas. • Improving damage assessment systems in post-disaster scenario. • Putting in place DRR-oriented financial services comprising Insurance, Catastrophe Bonds, Payment for ecosystem services, Disaster Contingency Fund etc.

10. Household level Action • Education on safe building norms and practices; • Awareness generation about green technological option: • Familiarising with electricity and fire safety norms; • Education on water and power conservation practices and scientific disposal of solid waste; • Familiarisation with safe evacuation plans and emergency services; • Awareness generation of appropriate crops and cropping pattern, organic farming, eco-friendly agronomic practices, and diversified livelihood options. • Education on importance of preservation of natural resources; • Advocacy about the role of every member of community in keeping vigil and raising voice against factors that aggravate the risk of disasters.