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Lab 4 Supplement: C Crash Course

Roller Coaster Design Project. Lab 4 Supplement: C Crash Course. The C Language. Many similarities to Matlab, but some very important differences, each covered in turn in the following slides: Strongly Typed Vectors very different Syntax differences. C Variables. Strongly Typed

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Lab 4 Supplement: C Crash Course

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  1. Roller Coaster Design Project Lab 4 Supplement: C Crash Course

  2. The C Language • Many similarities to Matlab, but some very important differences, each covered in turn in the following slides: • Strongly Typed • Vectors very different • Syntax differences

  3. C Variables • Strongly Typed • When you create a variable, you must also specify what sort of data is stored within the variable. • Uninitialized – start with random data in them. • Types: • Integers (int/short/long) • Store integer type data (-4, 2, 111) • Are (16/8/32) bits long • Can be signed (default, 1-bit used for sign) or unsigned (all bits used for magnitude, but always positive) • Will 'overflow' when value stored in them exceeds available bits

  4. Types (cont') • Types: • Floating Point (float/double) • Store floating point data (3.14, -0.00000134) • Are (32/64) bits long • Are always signed, and can represent a HUGE range of values • Can be tricky to work with, as it can be very hard to predict the details of how they work. Using direct comparisons (== or !=) can be VERY dangerous, logically

  5. Types (cont') • Types: • Character types (char, string) • Used to store character data • Usually, chars are used in arrays (see below) • Can be tricky to work with without more in depth discussion of how C/C++ works • Arrays: • Collections of other data types • To make an array, add [#] to the end of the variable name, with # being equal to the number you want. • Use [n] to access the nth element of the array

  6. Variable declarations • Examples of variable declarations in C: • int myInteger; • float pi = 3.14; • char myName[10] = “Dr. Smith”;

  7. Constants • #define can be used to create a constant • #definepi3.14 • Now, everywhere 'pi' shows up in your code, it will be replaced with '3.14' before the code is compiled

  8. Operators • Work pretty much exactly as they do in Matlab • Order of operations still holds • Vector math is NOT implemented, so '.' operators do not exist • In C, 'not equal' is '!=' • C supports 'in-line' or 'compound' operators: • n++ → n = n + 1 • n - - → n = n – 1 • n += a → n = n + 1 • n *= b → n = n * b • etc... • n++ (etc) can be used in equations

  9. Flow Control • C supports if statements, while loops, for loops and case statements, like Matlab did, but with different syntax: if (pinFiveInput < 500){ // action A}else{ // action B}

  10. Flow Control for (initialization; condition; increment) { //statement(s); } while(expression) { // statement(s) }

  11. More Resources • http://www.cprogramming.com/tutorial/c-tutorial.html • www.Arduino.cc • CSE 1222, CSE 2221

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