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Absolutism

Absolutism. England and Russia. Monarchy in England. From 1485 to 1603 England was Ruled by the Tudor dynasty. Tudors believed in divine right but also believed that better to be friends with Parliament. Charles and Elizabeth work well with Parliament

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Absolutism

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  1. Absolutism England and Russia

  2. Monarchy in England • From 1485 to 1603 England was Ruled by the Tudor dynasty. • Tudors believed in divine right but also believed that better to be friends with Parliament. • Charles and Elizabeth work well with Parliament • Going back to Reformation parliament made king head of Church of England • Parliament controlled collection of taxes and flow of money to king.

  3. The Stuarts • When Elizabeth I dies in 1603 she leaves no heir • Power passes to the Stuarts of Scotland. • Not very good a dealing with Parliament • Inherited the problems left by the Tudors • This created a growing battle between Parliament and The Stuart monarchs.

  4. James I • First Stuart Monarch • First agreed to rule by English law • Then started stating he had divine right • Argued with Parliament of Finances • Needed money for courts and for wars • Dissolves Parliament after they refuse to give him funds and collects taxes on his own. • James deals with the rise of Puritans who want to “purify” the church • James deals with this with an new translation of bible, (King James Version)

  5. Charles I • 1625 James I son Charles inherits throne. • Rules the same as his father, with absolute power and divine right. • Imprisonment without cause • Squeezing Money from the people • Forced to reassemble Parliament in order to raise taxes • Forced to sign The Petition of Right

  6. Petition of Right • King agreed to 4 points • Would not imprison subjects without due cause • Would not levy taxes without Parliaments' consent • Would not house soldiers in Private homes • Would not impose martial law in peace time

  7. Charles I • 1625 James I son Charles inherits throne. • Rules the same as his father, with absolute power and divine right. • Imprisonment without cause • Squeezing Money from the people • Forced to reassemble Parliament in order to raise taxes • Forced to sign The Petition of Right • Prohibits the king from raising taxes without consent of parliament and imprisoning without just cause • So everything is great Right???? WRONG!!!!!!!

  8. Charles I • Charles dissolves parliament again in 1629 • Ignores petition for 11 years • Creates Enemies • Especially among Puritans

  9. William Laud • Archbishop of Canterbury • Opposed to radical puritan beliefs • Enforced strict Anglican rules • Imprisoned dissenters • People felt he was turning church back to Catholicism • Charles and Laud tried to force Anglican prayer book in Scotland. • Lead to revolt • Charles needed Money to fight revolt forcing him to reassemble parliament in 1640

  10. Parliament fights back • 1640 Charles calls parliament back • A struggle for power takes place between king and parliament • Parliament tried and executed chief ministers (including Laud) and calls for the abolition of bishops

  11. The English Civil War • Charles I frustrated lead troops into House of Commons in 1642 to arrest most radical leaders • They escape out back door and raise army starting the English Civil War.

  12. Cavaliers and Roundheads • Cavaliers • Supporters of King • Wealthy Nobles • Well trained in duels and warfare • Expected quick victory • Roundheads • Supporters of Parliament • Country Gentry, town-dwelling manufactures, and puritan clergy. • Motivated!!! • Had great Leader: • Oliver Cromwell

  13. Oliver Cromwell • Puritan member of lesser gentry. (minor aristocracy) • Skilled General • Organized the “New Model Army” for Parliament • Parliament army won key battles against cavaliers and by 1647 they captured the king.

  14. Off with his head! • Parliament puts king on trial • Charles is condemned a Murderer, Tyrant, Traitor, and Public Enemy. • Sentenced to Death • “I am a Martyr of the People” • Beheaded at his own signal. • Beheading sent message through Europe: The people had beheaded their king. • No ruler can claim absolute power and ignore rule of Law. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z9qx1KKe93U&t=2m

  15. The Commonwealth • Republic of England. • Harsh towards Catholics • Arguments of social class voice in government • Cromwell becomes Lord Protector and rules through Army • Closes theaters and dances • Religion becomes a basis for control • Cromwell dies in 1658 and puritans lose grip on England. • Tired of military rule, Charles II (exiled son) welcomed back as King.

  16. The Glorious Revolution • Charles II welcomed with open arms • Young • Opened theaters and Taverns • Had court similar to France • Better at dealing with parliament • Though believed in divine right and absolute power • James II (Brother to Charles) • Catholic and proud of it! • Fearing a catholic king Parliament calls James protestant Daughter Mary and husband William

  17. William and Mary The Glorious Revolution

  18. The Glorious Revolution • Mary and William arrive with army James flees to France. • Bloodless over through • William and Mary forced to sign English Bill of Rights. • Trial by Jury • Barred Roman Catholic from Throne • Trial by Jury is required • Habeas Corpus – no prison without cause • Secured parliamentary power over Monarchs. • Creates LIMITED MONARCHY.

  19. Absolutism in Russia

  20. Absolutism in Russia • Peter the Great • Czar- from the Romanov family • Nearly 7 feet tall • Czar when he was 10, but did not really exercise power until 1689. • Grew up going to the “German Quarter” & learned of “the West” western technology. • Worked numerous jobs to learn skills • Sought to “westernize” Russia

  21. Peter’s Goals • Westernize Russia • Strengthen the military – loyal to him • Expand Russia’s borders - - Window on the West – St. Petersburg • Centralize royal power • He did this by forcing the landowning nobles, called boyarsinto service of the government or the military. • He also took control of the Eastern Orthodox Christian Church

  22. The effects of Peter in Russia • Peter the Great made Russia better by bringing western technology and “upgrades” into the country. • Peter the Great made life worse for the Russian people by • Bringing harsh serfdom into Russia • Forcing serfs to work, serve in the army or on public projects • Showed no mercy to anyone who resisted his changes. • He tortured & killed anyone who resisted, including his own elite palace guards – whose corpses he left rotting in the streets.

  23. Peter the Great - the paradox • Remembered both as a reformer and a repressor • both for his thirst for knowledge and his bloodthirsty disregard for human life. • He was a lover of science who used his own peasants as targets for studies of the effects of live ammunition.

  24. Russia under peter the great

  25. Catherine the great • When Peter the Great died, he did not leave an heir to the throne. Romanov family began to battle for power. • Catherine was born in Prussia, • came to Russia to marry Czar Peter III. • She learned Russian & converted to Orthodox Christianity.

  26. Czar Peter III • Peter III was . . . Flawed • After a 5 yr war with Prussia, Peter gave back to Frederick everything Russia had gained. 1792 • Allied with Prussia ? ? ? • Threatened Austria with war

  27. Peter III • July 6th, launched an invasion of Denmark • was imprisoned July 9th by his own Guard, • 8 days later . . . assassinated • Czarina Catherinesole ruler of Russia.

  28. Catherine the great (cont) • She became strong by letting the boyars go w/out paying taxes and • by taxing the peasants heavily herself. • Many more Russians were forced into serfdom. • She embraced Peter the Great’s ideas of westernization • defeated the Ottomans to gain control of the Black Sea. • So, Russia finally gets . . . . ? • In the 1790s she joined w/ Frederick the Great of Prussia and with Austria in dividing up, or partitioning, Poland • By the time they were done, Poland would be gone from the map, not to re-appear as a free Poland until 1919.

  29. Summary • Absolute monarchies with centralized governments began to rise to power in Europe. • The dominant forces in Europe were England, France, Prussia, Austria, and Russia. • Religious divisions were evident Protestants (England + Prussia), Catholics (France + Austria), and Eastern Orthodox Christianity (Russia). • Competitions formed between certain nations. -England v. France- in the new world -Prussia v. Austria over the German States • Alliances were formed between these powers constantly to preserve a balance of power in Europe. These alliances would also shift depending on the goals of the leaders involved.

  30. Vocabulary Concepts: • absolute monarch • divine right • balance of power • habeas corpus • limited monarchy • westernization • boyar • Partition • Hapsburg Empire • Ottoman Empire • Edict of Nantes • 30 Years War • Peace of Westphalia • warm water port • czar • Versailles • Estates General • Parliament • Eastern Orthodox Church • English Civil War • The Glorious Revolution • Bill of Rights People(s): • Charles V • Philip II • Huguenots • The Romanovs • Peter the Great • Catherine the Great • Frederick William • Frederick the Great • Cavaliers • Roundheads • The Stuarts • Boyars • Hohenzollern • Cardinal Richelieu • Louis XIV • Maria Theresa • Charles I • Charles II • Oliver Cromwell • Junkers • William and Mary

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